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geography paper 2 > globalisation eq3 > Flashcards

globalisation eq3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are some countries so rich and some poor?

A

Institutions- most corrupt are the poorest
Culture- the less people believe the richest they are some of the poorest countries have strong belief
Geography-poor countries results in bad soil climate so no agriculture, hot countries results in more diseases

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2
Q

How can social development of different countries be measured?

A

Life expectancy
Literacy right
HDI
Women and development

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3
Q

How can economic development in different countries be measure?

A

GNI
GDP
GDP per capita
Purchasing power parity create average earnings to local prices and what they will pay

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4
Q

How has economic inequality and globalisation caused extremism in Europe?

A

Globalisation has created winners and losers with some regions experiencing job losses due to outsourcing and industrialisation this fuels and a desire to protect local industries and jobs.

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5
Q

How has immigration and demographic change caused extremism in Europe?

A

Large scaleimmigration particularly from non-European countries has led to fears about cultural dilution social cohesion and economic competition driving nationalist rhetoric

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6
Q

How is erosion of multiculturalism a consequence of extremism in Europe?

A

Extreme nationalism often lead to xenophobia, hate crimes and rejection of diversity, threatening social cohesion and inclusivity in European society

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7
Q

Was is extreme nationalism

A

Extreme nationalism involves an intense focus on national identity often prioritising one group‘s culture, values and interest well excluding or marginalising others it is characteristics by anti-immigrants sentiments, protectionist and their rejection of globalisation

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8
Q

What are the drivers of extreme nationalism?

A

Economic uncertainty, such as job losses due to globalisation or deindustrialisation
Fear of cultural delusion from immigration or multiculturalism
Perceptions of national decline and the desire to ‘restore’ past glories

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9
Q

How have open borders, deregulation and encouragement of foreign direct investment create culturally mixed societies?

A

International countries-encouraging mixing and learning of cultures
Migration through open borders
Cultural exchange through FDI
Globalisation lifestyle
Urban growth and multicultural enclaves
Deregulation of labour markets
TNC presence encouraging workforces diversity

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10
Q

What is the gross domestic product per capita in Sweden, Haiti, Mexico?

A

Sweden: 35,392
Haiti:m 935 to 1805
Mexico : 8802 to 14,618

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11
Q

What is the environmental performance index in Mexico, Sweden, and Haiti?

A

Mexico: 0.4705
Sweden: 0.0312
Haiti: 0.4705

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12
Q

What is the GDP composition by sector in Sweden, Mexico, and Haiti?

A

Sweden: 100% services
Mexico : 20% services and 80% industries
Haiti: 60% services and 40% agriculture

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13
Q

What are the social impacts of culture exchange in Cuba?

A

Tourism has provided more employment opportunities leading to improvements in the standard of living.

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14
Q

What are the economic impacts of cultural exchange in Cuba?

A

Foreign investment, particularly from European countries and Canada helped revive certain sectors of the economy, e.g. mining

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15
Q

Environmental impacts of cultural exchange in Cuba

A

Infrastructure development has placed pressure on local ecosystems

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16
Q

What are the changing values in the UK?

A

Adam will stated end of 2012 games in Sydney was the first Paralympics to treat them as equals western countries adapting more tolerant policies but still some way to go places such as Russia Africa etc.

17
Q

What are the changing values of China?

A

In 2011 only 25% of disabled people in China find employment same year China came top of the medals table in London Paralympics still long way to go for achieving equality.

18
Q

what are the environmental cost of cultural diffusion?

A

More meat in diet has environmental impacts with me gas release and deforestation (to grow crops to feed cattle)
Cultural diffusion has led to an increased neglect of the ecosystems as they value education and health more now e.g. they will hunt for endangered species to eat or sell

19
Q

What are the social costs of cultural diffusion?

A

This has a physical impact such as obesity from fast food arises
People in the Amazonian region have started wearing more westernised clothes
Rural Urban migration Is occurring they have left behind traditional homes.
Meet demand has risen above 1000 metric tonnes in 2010
Culture exchange has led to a loss of traditional foods at Chinese weddings

20
Q

Why is this cultural change?

A

Religious belief
Language preservation
Concerns over Western influence
National pride
Support for local business
Protect culture identity
Loss of traditional clothing
Avoiding social inequality
Loss of traditional language

21
Q

What does the cultural continuum consist of?

A

Acceptance to new culture/migration
Cautious of acceptance
Resistance to new culture/culture diversity

22
Q

What is ethical consumption?

A

Ethical consumption is a positive buying deliberately choosing a product because of the product ethic nature

23
Q

What problems does ethnical consumption and fair trade solve?

A

Higher income to farmers and some manufacturers

24
Q

Examples of ethnical consumption and fair trade

A

Fair trade produce includes coffee chocolates, bananas and clothing items E.G jeans
Waitrose foundation has also embrace trading principles by improving pay for farmers in its own supply

25
Q

What are the codes and benefits of fair trade?

A

The cost are money may not be evenly distributed
And the benefits are farmers are treated better and higher income to farmers

26
Q

What are the cost and benefits of supply chain monitoring?

A

costs are high supplies brands being linked with workers exploitation and Apple workers were poisoned by achieved cleaning agent
Benefits are gap on Nike prohibited worker exploitation

27
Q

Costs and benefits of NGO action

A

Costs are Limited financial resources and slow progress and will worker exploitation
Benefits are Tesco suppliers treat workers poor so use power to help employers

28
Q

What is localism?

A

Localism is a range of political philosophies that prioritise local over regional or global productions. It supports local production and consumption of goods local control over government and local identity.

29
Q

What problem does localism solve?

A

So problems of disconnected government once by empowering countless to make decisions that reflect local needs

30
Q

What are named examples of localism?

A

TodMorden, a transition town
Much of the food on sale in the town is grown locally
The incredible edible to modern campaign which receive national lottery funding aims to encourage consumers and growers to work together for the long-term good for the planet
Has created fruit and veg gardens and stages regular educational talks and events in town

31
Q

What are the costs of local sourcing?

A

Consumers- local sourcing of every day me and veg can be very expensive, especially for people on low incomes
Environmental - tomatoes in the UK are heated in Pollytgnnels during winter resulting in larger carbon footprints then import Spanish tomato’s

32
Q

Benefits of local sourcing

A

Consumers- many small producers in the UK have adopted organic farming methods crops are grown using fewer pesticides which could have health benefits
Producers- UK farmers have moved up the value chain by manufacturing the local sourced items, including jams, fruit juices and wine
Environmental - 1992 earth summit introduced the slogan: ‘ think global act local’ local sourcing helps reduce carbon footprint size

33
Q

What is recycling?

A

Recycling is the process of converting waste into new products and minimising environmental harm by diverting waste from landfill

34
Q

What is waste?

A

Waste is materials that are all discorded- no longer considered useful

35
Q

What problem does waste and recycling solve?

A

Stopping littering and encouraging people to use connect services such as bye block bin to make the world better

36
Q

What does NGO keep Britain tidy Aim to do?

A

Litter is a symptom of why does social decay and we must encourage people to value resources
By 2030 society their aim is they want to eliminate all littering
Vision by 2030 public spaces will be used to enjoy
Hoping free programs will have change attitudes to littering and socially inacceptable

37
Q

What is the Green taxes strategy?

A

A tax put on actions which are deemed to detrimental to the environment E.G government put a green taxes to reduce harm of environment

38
Q

What is carbon credit strategy?

A

Allowing Organisations to release a certain amount of CO2
The incentive to reducing emissions by enrolling companies to reduce unused allowances or invest in offset projects like reforestation

39
Q

What is Birmingham city Council strategy?

A

It is a reducing scheme it involves three schemes
Paper card recycling- blue bag box every Wednesday
Garden waste -Green stocks but charge £3 every year.
There are five household recycling centres and 400 recycling banks across Birmingham

geography paper 2 (2 decks)

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