globalisation + crime

Question 1

BECK - global risk consciousness

Answer 1

• globalisation created new insecurities + irrational fear
• e.g. moral panic about asylum seekers/immigrants created by the media
• led to tougher border controls - now have CCTV/thermal imaging

Question 2

HOBBS + DENNING - ‘glocal’ organisations

Answer 2

• involves individuals acting as a ‘hub’ involving illegal activities
• ‘hubs’ have global links - locally based with global connections
• i.e. drug smuggling

Question 3

ROTHE + FRIEDRICHS - crimes of global organisations

Answer 3

• poor countries take out lones with strict conditions
• argue IMF commits crime by imposing pro-capitalist structural programmes in poor countries
• requires them to cut public spending on welfare/education
• causes large scale social problems

Question 4

CAIN - causing social harms

Answer 4

• policies allow western corporations to expand in poor countries and create opportunities for crime
• e.g. 1980s Rwanda programme created mass unemployment + divisions - created conditions for mass genocide
• argues IMF/WB act like a global state - don’t break the law, but actions cause social harm

Question 5

TAYLOR - capitalism + globalisation

Answer 5

• argues transnational organisations can move from country to country seeking the cheapest workforce thanks to globalisation - global capitalism
• the process of de-industrialisation in the west = large unemployment in Britian/USA
• materialistic culture means the unemployed turn to crime

Question 6

MISHA GLENNY - McMafia

Answer 6

• organisations that emerged after the fall of communism
• deregulation of the economy - though natural resources remained cheap
• KGB bought oil/diamonds to sell abroad - became millionares
• made links with worldwide mafia to protect wealth
• these criminal organisations were vital for the entry of the new russian capitalist class into the world economy