globalisation and religion Flashcards
features of fundamentalism
authoritative text - believe what is written in holy book to be literally true
patriarchy - fundamentalists favour world in which women are subordinate in society
defensive reaction to globalisation - fundamentalism - davie
fundamentalism emerged in early stages of modernity as result of enlightenment during which secular, scientific ways to looking at world developed
those who felt their identity was undermined by this turned to fundamentalism.
secular fundamentalism (non religious extremists) emerged as result of changes in modern society. since 1970s, there’s been loss of optimism about enlightenment project as people realise science won’t solve all our problems and is actually creating problems which causes uncertainty and loss of faith in liberalism and rationalism, as a result people turn to non religious forms of fundamentalism e.g nationalism
defensive reaction to globalisation - fundamentalism - baumann
sees fundamentalism as response to living in postmodernity which brings freedom of choice, but also heightened risk and uncertainty.
when faced with this, some embrace it, while others turn to fundamentalism which offers certainty.
e.g new christian right
proactive reaction to globalisation - economic development - nanda
examines role of hinduism in legitimating new ultra nationalism and prosperity of indian m/c.
globalisation created prosperous, educated and professional m/c in india - assumed to abandon religion but in india many still believe in supernatural and it’s become fashionable to be religious
increasing religiosity among new m/c is result of increasing uncertainty about new found wealth which stems from contradiction between new wealth and traditional hindu belief in rejection of material goods and worldly desires. this uncertainty is resolved by tele gurus who assure m/c that wealth is manifestation of divinity - modern hinduism legitimates position of m/c and enables them to adjust to globalised consumer capitalism.
claims hinduism encourages nationalism and india’s economic success is being attributed to superiority of ‘hindu values’ where worshipping god has become same as worshipping nation, making hinduism a civil religion.
defensive reaction to globalisation - bruce - cultural defence
when society is threatened by external power religion acts as cultural defence - unites community against external threat by giving community sense of identity, examples:
iran - went through process of westernisation supported by western oil companies in 1960s, changes were imposed rapidly causing poor to suffer. as a result, islam became focus for resistance to modernisation. 1979 revolution created islamic republic in which clerics hold state power
proactive reaction - economic development - redding
post confucian (traditional chinese belief system) values of hard work, self descipline and frugality are similar to calvinist protestant ethic
as entrepreneurs in countries such as SK and taiwan adopted post confucian values, they helped create rapid industrialisation of east asian tiger economies in 1980s when they started trading with western MEDCs
