Globalisation and crime Flashcards
1
Q
Globalisation
A
- The growing independence of societies across the world, with the spread of culture, goods and economic interests across the world
2
Q
Corporate crime
A
- Offences committed by large companies which directly profit the company rather than individuals
3
Q
Box - Corporate crime
A
- Argue that the push to corporate crimes is driven by the need to maintain profits and in an increasingly local market
4
Q
Control theory - Corporate crime
A
- Would suggest that the individuals who carry out offences to benefit companies are driven by aggressive management cultures
5
Q
State crime
A
- Crimes linked to the government or other agencies involved in the running of countries
- Whilst states are responsible for making laws they must also act within them and there is also international law on a range of human rights issues
- Victims of state crime are often powerless individuals or groups which makes it even more harder for them to get justice.
6
Q
Examples of state crimes
A
- Tourture and illegal treatment or punishment of citizens
- Corrupt or criminal policing
- War crimes
- Genocide
- State-sponsored terrorism
- Violations of human rights
7
Q
Cohen = state crime
A
- A concern with human rights and state crimes has been one of the major developments criminology in recent years
- There has been an increased level of awareness of states misusing power from organisations such as amnesty international.
8
Q
Cohen = response to state crimes from the state
A
- Stage one = Complete denial that any crime took place
- Stage two = An attempt to change how the act or acts are described, for example saying that it was an ‘accident’
- Stage three - Involves providing a justification for the actions such as the state was protecting its members.
9
Q
Chambliss = state crime
A
- State crime is often the result of strain, meaning that the state is torn between different sets of objectives
- Chambliss claims that many of the crimes committed by the CIA such as tourture, kidnapping, executions took place during extreme pressure to guard against the threat posed to the country by communism.
10
Q
Milgram = state crimes
A
- People who inflict pain and suffering might be psychologically normal but may be acting out of character because of pressure from the role that they are playing.
11
Q
Kelman and Hamilton = state crime
A
- Individuals learn to ignore ordinary moral rules when ordered by those in authority.
- They are able to convince themselves that such activity are routine.
- Often convinced that fighting and are sub-human and therefore normal standards of decency do not apply to them.
12
Q
Green crime
A
- An illegal activity which has an impact on the environment
- Can involve the actions of individuals, companies or even nation states
13
Q
Beck = green crime
A
- Argued that in developing ways of producing resources we need, the western world has produced a new set of risks.
- Many of these risks involve nature and the environment including climate change.
- Argues that we have created a ‘global risk society’
14
Q
White - green crime
A
- Argued that criminology should study any action which causes harm either to individuals or the environment.
- Regardless of whether or not a law has been broken.
- This is important because a considerable amount of harm is done to the environment by actions which do not appear to break any specific law.
15
Q
Feminist crime views
A
- Women are seen as the victims
- Crime reporting reinforces the stereotyping and oppression of women.
- Under reporting of violence against women, especially domestic violence.
- They are highly critical of reporting sex crimes against women as a way to provide entertainment
