Globalisation and Crime

Question 1

globalisation - deterritorialisation

Answer 1

social, political & economic activities are no longer attached to specific countries
national borders are becoming irrelevant due to the internet

Question 2

globalisation - the international illegal drug trade

Answer 2

UNODC - worth $322b p/year

home office - half of acquisition (theft) crime was drug related

Question 3

globalisation - human trafficking

Answer 3

illegal movement of people for:

• illegal removal of organs for transplant
• sexual exploitations
• forced labour/slavery

Question 4

globalisation - money-laundering

Answer 4

making money obtained illegally look like it came from legal services so law-enforcement agencies don’t notice
made possible by money being electronically moved around the world through modern communications technology

Question 5

globalisation - cyber crime

Answer 5

criminal acts committed through the internet
costs UK £27b p/year
money laundering, credit card fraud
child pornography
terrorist websites
cyber-attacks to gain data
identity theft

Question 6

globalisation - transnational organised crime

Answer 6

established mafia - italian-american mafias long-establish groups organised around family, have adopted to globalisation
newer organised crime groups - east european criminal groups that emerged since globalisation
mirror activities of legal traditional corporations (McMafia); provides same products across the world

Question 7

globalisation - glocalism

Answer 7

local criminal networks supply at a local level & communicate with global criminal networks

Question 8

globalisation - glocal

Answer 8

interconnectedness of global & local

Question 9

globalisation - disorganised capitalism

Answer 9

due to less regulation & few state controls over business, there is increase in unemployment in developed countries & exploitation of labour in developing countries (apple - chine, union carbide - bhopal)
combined with less social cohesion & more opportunities fuels crime
people at the bottom of the chain in less developed countries earn close to nothing, those in the top earn a lot

Question 10

globalisation - growing inequality

Answer 10

winners are the transitional corporations in the west
losers are the workers in developing countries
they experience relative deprivation which leads to crime

Question 11

globalisation - supply & demand in a globalised world

Answer 11

global inequality, poverty, medias expectations lead people to emigrate to developed countries illegally
they’re then exploited to pay their debt
demand for drugs, sex workers, cheap labour in developed countries supplied by those in deprived developing countries

Question 12

globalisation - more opportunities for crime

Answer 12

globalisation opens new ways to commit crime
the ‘dark web’ - hidden anonymity of the internet
criminals commit illegal acts anywhere in the world with little risk of detection

Question 13

globalisation - culture globalisation & ideology of consumers

Answer 13

in media-saturated society, ideology of consumerism has spread across the world
leads to bulimic society
people turn to crime to achieve consumer goods associated with western lifestyles

Question 14

globalisation - growing individualisation

Answer 14

as individuals are no longer protected by the welfare state from poverty
they turn to crime because of the ideology of consumerism

Question 15

globalisation - global risk society

Answer 15

moral panic fuels hate crimes

Question 16

globalisation - criticisms

Answer 16

• hard to investigate as its dangerous & secretive
• explanations depend on secondary sources
• impact of globalisation exaggerates as hate crime is dropping
• globalisation lead to law enforcement agencies to be interconnected, increasing risk of offenders getting caught