globalisation and crime Flashcards
Summarise globalisation and crime
Globalisation has allowed transnational organised crime to flourish - trafficking of arms, drugs and people. We now live in a global risk society where human-made threats include large environmental damage. Green criminology adopts an ecocentric view based on harm rather than the law, and identified both primary and secondary green crimes. The state also contributes to green crime through the exploitation of health and safety laws.
What did Castells say?
As a result of globalisation, there is a global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per annum: Trafficking of arms, women, children, body parts, cultural artefacts, nuclear materials and endangered species
Smuggling illegal immigrants Sex tourism
Cyber-crimes
Green crimes
International terrorism
The drugs trade
Smuggling of legal goods
Who says there is a global economy worth over £1 trillion per annum?
Castells
What does Taylor say?
Globalisation has created crimes at both ends of the spectrum; it has allowed transnational corporations to switch manufacturing to low-wage countries, producing job insecurity, unemployment and poverty. Globalisation has also created inequality, leading to the increase in crime due to resentment and material deprivation.
What does Glenny say?
McMafia- organisations formed in Russia after the fall of communism, traces the origins of transnational organised crime to the breakup of the soviet union, which coincided with the deregulation of global markets.
Who talks about the McMafia?
Glenny
Which theorists talk about green crime?
White and South
What does White say about green crime?
Distinguishes between 2 types of criminology: traditional and green, and 2 types of harm: Anthropocentric and Ecocentric.
What are the 2 types of criminology White distinguishes between?
Traditional- subject matter is defined by criminal law and is therefore not concerned with green criminology
Green-proper subject of criminology is any action that harms the physical environment, and humans or non-human animals within it
What are the 2 types of harm White distinguishes between?
Anthropocentric = a human-centred approach, humans have the right to use the world’s resources and dominate nature.
Ecocentric = humans and nature are interdependent. This is the view of green criminologists who see both humans and the environment as liable to exploitation.
What does South say?
Primary and secondary green crimes
What are primary green crimes?
Crimes that result directly from the destruction and degradation of the earth’s resources:
Crimes of air pollution
Crimes of deforestation
Crimes of species decline and animal abuse
Crimes of water pollution
What are secondary green crimes?
Crime that grows out of flouting or rules aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters:
State violence against oppositional groups
Hazardous waste and organised crime
Environmental discrimination
Who talks about primary and secondary green crime?
South
Who talks about state crime?
McLaughlin
What is state crime?
illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by the state, or with the complicity of state agencies
What does McLaughlin say?
Distinguishes between the types of state crime:
Political crimes- corruption
Crimes by security and police forces- genocide
Economic crimes
Social and cultural crime
