Globalisation and crime: Flashcards
What is globalisation?
The world is becoming increasingly interconnected, affecting the lives of offenders due to interconnected law enforcement.
What does Held et al. define as the globalisation of crime?
An interconnectedness of crime across national borders leading to the spread of transnational organised crime.
What is the estimated value of the global criminal economy according to Manuel Castells?
Over 1 trillion pounds per annum.
What are some examples of financial crimes?
- Offshore accounts
- Money laundering
- Tax evasion
What types of trafficking are associated with globalisation?
- Arms trafficking
- People trafficking
- Modern slavery
What types of terrorism have emerged due to globalisation?
- Domestic terrorism
- Online radicalisation
List the types of cyber crime.
- Cyber deception and theft
- Pornography
- Trespass
- Cyber violence
What is transnational organised crime?
Globalisation has created transnational networks of organised crime that operate in many countries.
What are the two main forms of global criminal networks according to Farr?
- Established mafias (before globalisation)
- Newer organised crime (because of globalisation)
What new forms of crimes have emerged due to globalisation?
- ‘Glocal’ organisation
- ‘McMafia’
What characterizes ‘glocal organisations’ according to Hobbs and Dunningham?
- Crime is locally based but with global connections.
- Crimes have global links but depend on a local setting.
What does Glenny mean by ‘McMafia’?
Transnational organised crime mirrors the activities of legal transnational corporations.
How has globalisation affected crime supply and demand?
There is both a demand side in the rich west and a supply side providing illegal products/services.
What does Beck’s concept of ‘global risk consciousness’ imply?
Increased awareness of risks associated with globalisation, leading to responses such as tightened border control.
What is disorganised capitalism as described by Lash and Urry?
Increased deregulation and fewer state controls over business and finance.
What are the effects of globalisation on job security according to Taylor?
Increased job insecurity, less social cohesion, and fewer job opportunities in the west.
What are the implications of globalisation, capitalism, and crime?
- Jobs leaving for insecure low-paid positions
- Little government control over economies
- Increased inequality
What are some evaluations of the impact of globalisation on crime?
- It’s nothing new
- Hard to investigate
- Dependent on secondary sources
- Exaggerates significance
- Routine low-level offences
- Leads to interconnectedness in global law enforcement
What are the issues related to transnational crime?
- Jurisdictions
- Differing laws
- Cultural differences
- Legislation delays
What are the benefits of globalisation in terms of crime?
- Greater international cooperation
- Greater awareness of issues
