Globalisation And Crime Flashcards
Jewkes
The internet has created brand new place for crimes to occur
ICT increased surveillance
Walls
4 types of cyber crime:
1. Cyber trespass - hacking
2. Cyber deception - theft
3. Cyber pornography
4. Cyber violence - trolling/online bullying
Case studies of cyber crimes
NHS hacking
Online dating scans
Nigerian prince scam
Bauman - cyber
Liquid surveillance, tracking cookies and targeted adverts
Green and ward
State crimes:
“Illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by, or with the complicity of, state agencies”
McLaughlin
Types of state crimes:
1. Political
2. Security
3. Economic
4. Social and cultural
Cohen
Spiral of Denial:
1. It didn’t happen, denial
2. It’s not what it looks like, changing the dialogue
3. It needed to happen.
Matza and Sykes
Built on spiral of denial:
1. Denial of victim
2. Denial of injury
3. Denial of responsibilities
4. Judging the condemners
5. Appeal to a higher loyalty
Bauman
Modernity and the holocaust:
Three conditions -
1. Authority
2. Routinisation
3. Dehumanisation
To get people to kill we need to:
- Deny responsibility - chain of order
- Distance / changing identity
- Removing humanity - animals or numbers
Otto Warmbeir
Tortured in North Korea after taking photo of propaganda
White
Two forms of focus:
Anthropocentric - economic growth and the harm done by humans
Ecocentric - humans and environment are interdependent
Traditional criminology
Focuses on crimes that breaks a law, not concerned with green crime
Green criminology
Looks at harm, if there is harm than a crime has been committed - Transgressive criminology
South
Primary green crime - direct attack on the environment
Secondary green crime - a crime that doesn’t prevent damage to the environment
Day
Nuclear weapons and the damage this can have on the environment - Chernobyl
Examples of green crime
Animal trafficking and trophy hunting
Palm oil - rainforest
Deep water horizon oil spill
H & J Schwendinger
Crime should be defined according to the violation of human rights
Aiya Napa
Sexually assaulted, then charged with public mischief
Lack of a fair trial
