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Human Geography > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five flows of globalisation?

A 
products
capital
services
labour
information
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2
Q

What is the case study for products?

A

world trade in bananas

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3
Q

What are the examples/case studies for capital?

A

maquiladoras

apple

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4
Q

What is the case study for services?

A

India

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5
Q

What are the examples/case studies for labour?

A

Somalia

Qatar

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6
Q

What was Marshall McLuhan’s main idea?

A

“everywhere is now our own neighbourhood”

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7
Q

What did Marshall McLuhan say about tribalising? (3)

A
  • “the world is like a tribal groan”
  • tribal man was a man created by new electronic media, leading to more communication
  • “retribalising” is collective
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8
Q

What did Marshall McLuhan say about books? (2)

A
  • “the role of the book is changing”

- books provide a private point of view

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9
Q

What did Marshall McLuhan say about media? (2)

A
  • he said the media is our senses and appeals to our senses

- the media is a teaching machine, allowing no private interpretation

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10
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Globalisation is the integration and communication between countries resulting in the development of global networks that influence economic, social, political and cultural views worldwide.

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11
Q

When was the term ‘globalisation’ coined?

A

in the 1990s

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12
Q

What did globalisation trigger in recent years? (3)

A
  • the IT revolution
  • the opening up of former communist bloc countries
  • a massive increase in trade in manufactured goods
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13
Q

By how much did trade in manufactured goods increase?

A

from $100 billion in 1956 to $19 trillion in 2013

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14
Q

Who created the dependency theory and when?

A

Andre Gunder Frank in 1971

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15
Q

What did Andre Gunder Frank’s thesis state?

A

the condition of developing countries isn’t because of their lack of doing anything, chance, misfortune or climate, but rather a reflection of their participation in the “global” capitalist system

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16
Q

Outline poor nations’ role in the dependency theory (4)

A

they provide

  • natural resources,
  • cheap labour,
  • a destination for obsolete technology, and
  • markets for developed nations, without which the latter could not have the standard of living they enjoy
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17
Q

Outline wealthy nations’ role in the dependency theory (involving (6))

A

their influence involves

  • economics,
  • media control,
  • politics,
  • banking and finance,
  • education,
  • culture and sport
18
Q

In a short summary, what is the dependency theory?

A

poor nations are supporting richer ones

19
Q

Who created the modernisation theory and when?

A

Walt Whitman Rostow in 1960

20
Q

What did the modernisation theory suggest?

A

that everyone has the chance to develop economically with the correct resources and attitude

21
Q

What are Rostow’s five stages of growth?

A

1) Traditional society
2) Transitional stage
3) Take off
4) Drive to maturity
5) High mass consumption

22
Q

What is traditional society in Rostow’s five stages of growth?

A

a society that’s dependent on the rural economy and is composed of barter, agriculture and is subsistence based

23
Q

What is the transitional stage in Rostow’s five stages of growth?

A

a society that’s dependent on social appreciation of education and skill development and is composed of specialisation, surpluses and infrastructure

24
Q

What is the take off stage in Rostow’s five stages of growth? (composed of (4))

A

a society that’s dependent on the sub-urban economy and is composed of industrialisation, growing investment, regional growth and political change

25
Q

What is the drive to maturity stage in Rostow’s five stages of growth? (composed of (4))

A

a society that’s dependent on growth and developed economies and is composed of diversification, innovation, less reliance on imports, and investment

26
Q

What is the high mass consumption stage in Rostow’s five stages of growth? (composed of (3))

A

a society that’s dependent on the global economy or market managing economies and is composed of flourishing durable goods, a dominant service sector and consumer orientation

27
Q

Who created the core periphery theory and who expanded on it?

A

John Friedmann. However, Immanuel Wallerstein expanded on it later, adding the semi-periphery part to include NEEs that weren’t quite core or periphery

28
Q

What role do core countries play?

A

they provide high profit and value-added goods to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries

29
Q

What role do peripheral countries play?

A

they provide low-wage labour and raw materials for core and semi-peripheral countries

30
Q

What role do semi-peripheral countries play?

A

they provide high profit and value-added goods, low-wage labour and raw materials

31
Q

What do TNCs do?

A

invest in new production sites and market goods and services

32
Q

Which flow do TNCs promote?

A

ideas and information, which lead to technological and cultural change

33
Q

How much has TNC off shore investment risen by?

A

$20 billion in 1980 to $2 trillion in 2007

34
Q

What is off shore investment?

A

Investing in assets overseas

35
Q

What is an asset?

A

a useful/valuable thing (or person)

36
Q

How many TNCs are there?

A

100,000

37
Q

How much of world financial assets do the top 100 TNCs own?

A

20%

38
Q

How many people are employed by TNCs?

A

6 million people

39
Q

How much of the total consumer sales do TNCs have?

A

30%

40
Q

Why is spatial organisation of TNCs changing?

A

More economies are becoming more developed, which attracts investment from TNCs since more people are gaining disposable income

41
Q

Give an example of reverse colonialism

A

Tata bought out Corus (which was British Steel) in 2006

42
Q

Who were the top 3 recipients of FDI in 2019?

A

US at $261 bn
China at $156 bn
Netherlands at $84 bn

Human Geography (4 decks)

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