Globalisation Flashcards
Globalisation
The process through which countries all around the world are becoming more interconnected and interdependent through technology, trade, people, travel.
Pros of Globalisation
- International coorporation
- Economies boosted
- Cultural diversity
Cons of Globalisation
- Increased migration leads to prejudice
- Interedependence of resources ruins individual stability
Ian Taylor - Globalisation, Capitalism and Crime
Globalisation made it very easy for companies to relocate to less developed countries save a huge fortune on wage costs, avoid restrictive ‘health and safety’ regulations and work staff harder. The poor get exploited in these countries. Back in the home country, the relocation of the company leaves a huge gap in the job market. Unemployment increases, low skill staff are made redundant, increases social inequality and can make people turn to crime. By re-locating overseas, new criminal opportunities emerge for the executive leaders of these companies. The movement of funds around the globe to avoid taxation is very common and difficult to police.
Ian Taylor - Criticisms
Determistic and a lack of empirical evidence prevents Taylor from being able to validate his claims.
Transnational crime
Crime that involves more than 1 country.
Transnational crime - examples
- Illegal migration
- Human trafficking
- Sex trafficking
- International terrorism
- Drug trafficking
- Arms trafficking
Global drugs trade
230 million people are drug users around the world. Of those, 27 million are considered to be dependant on drugs. Heroine and cocaine are massively traded worldwide unlike locally produced drugs like cannabis and amphetamines.
Global drugs trade - routes
Since Globalisation took off, the drugs trade became more transnational rather than local. Drugs grown in South America and Middle Eastern Countries make their way to the UK via well established routes. Globalisation has made drug trafficking far quicker and easier and detection has become less likely. The more people and goods that flow in an out of a country, the higher chance of drugs being smuggled in. Approximatly 52,000 deaths every year occur in USA linked to illegal drug use.
Globalisation and crime
Did globalisation lead to an increase in crime, or did Globalisation expose crime more easily?
The drug trade in a global age
1980s Los Angeles:
Sharp decline in the traditional industry sector which resulting in hight unemployment for many African-Americans. Racism and a lack of opportunity for legal employment encouraged many young black people into the illigetimate business sector, notably the drugs trade. Crack houses were set up for distilling and cutting crack cocaine. Development for this trade saw a rapid increase in gang crime as gangs fought for control of the trade and ‘clients’. By 1988: it was estimated that the memberships of gangs amounted to approx. 15,000 gang-related killings in 1 day.
Decline of traditional industries was partly due to companies moving to low-wage countries, leaving many without work.
Marxist view on Colombia
Have little choice but to cultivate drugs rather than legal crops, and sell these to foreign markets to survive. 20% of Colombia’s population depend on cocaine production for their livelihood.
Misha Glenny - McMafia
Misha Glenny - criticms
Human trafficking
The recruitment of people for the purpose of slaverly and labour.
Joanne Connolly - Globalisation and crime article
Linda Pressly, October 2021, BBC News article: Trafficked to Europe for sex: a survivor’s escape story
November 2011: Human Trafficking news article
Why human trafficking increased
Migrant smuggling/illegal migration
Statistics from 2014-2022
UK June 2024
22 Janurary 2021: The Essex Lorry deaths
Hate crime statistics
2022-23: Rishi Sunak - ‘Stop the small boats’
Jackie Sanchez Taylor - Sex Tourism article: Crime, Romance or exploitation?
Global Cybercrime
Phishing
Ransomwere
The impact of transnational crime
Hobbs and Dunningham - ‘Glocal’ crime in society today, criticism of globlisation
