Globalisation Flashcards
What is enquiry question 1?
what are the causes of globalisation and why has it accelerated in recent decades?
What does globalisation refer to?
refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, people, diffusion of technology and capital across borders. Also shown through culture, lifestyle and global processes such as climate change
How many people do there need to be for a mega city to be classed?
10 million
define interconnected
trade and migration flows have increased due to technology, market forces and political decisions
define interdependent
what happens in one place increasingly having an impact on other places e.g. russias war with ukraine
What are the UK’s main exports
vehicles, mineral fuels, precious metals, pharmaceuticals, machinery and services (e.g. financial, technical
What are the main flows in the global network
products( goods)
commodities (raw materials)
capital
information
tourism
migration (ex. refugees)
What are the UK’s main imports
mineral fuels, electronic equipment, knit wear, plastics and motor vehicles
What does the phrase “a shrinking world” refer to
developments in communication and transport have reduced the importance of distance (has aided globalisation)
What is space time compression?
the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to bring people closer together even though the distances are the same (takes a shorter time to get from London to France in 2024 than it did in 1914)
What is containerisation?
the development of bigger container ships that can hold more containers and therefore products
What is the IMF
international monetary fund
What is the WB
world bank
What is the WTO
world trade organisation
What are the motives of TNC’s in role of globalisation?
profit
achieving economies of scale
developing new market
horizontal integration
controlling and minimising costs
increasing their markets
vertical integration( expanding company through services)
What is glocalisation?
when company re-styles it’s products to suit local tastes (e.g. mcdonalds not selling beef burgers in India)
What is the belt and road initiative?
belt (land) road (sea)
creating trading routes with china funding projects around the world
What are advantages to china of the belt and road initiative?
increased influence
speeds up development around the world
trading partners + new places to sell to
migration of Chinese workers
What are the disadvantages to china of the belt and road initiative?
costs a lot of money which may never be able to pay get
What are the advantages to Sri Lanka of the belt and road initiative?
borrowed $15 billion to fund construction of infrastructure projects
projects include: powerplant, airport, deep water port and cricket stadium
some new employment opportunities
recognised globally
What are the disadvantages to Sri Lanka of the belt and road initiative?
Chinese government have full control
very little employment in construction to locals
environmental concerns
little connection between development and existing city of Colombo
lease to China for 99 years
What index is used to measure globalisation and what does it consist of?
KOF index
economic globalisation
political globalisation
social globalisation
What are switched on countries like?
flows of trade, people, FDI, etc
technologies
movement (air traffic, international trade)
media (global advertising, music, TV, news)
What are detached countries like?
countries that have been left behind
little to no trade or connectivity
some choose not to be globalised (north korea)
What causes countries to become detached?
developing countries
poor infrastructure
wars
landlocked
corrupt governments
island
small population
What are the advantages of using the KOF index?
compares degree and changes and has been going a long time
calculated on basis of 24 variables
What are the disadvantages of using the KOF index?
relevance of using international mail seems irrelevant
many countries have many illegal foreign immigrants
shorter distance between countries increase rate of travel and therefore social globalisation
What are the advantages of using the AT kearney Index?
covers 96% of worlds GDP
covers 84% of population
allows comparison overtime
What are the disadvantages of using the AT kearney Index?
only 64 countries included in Index
how do you measure cultural trends
not statistically significant
weighing’s(who decides)
What factors does the AT kearney index use?
political engagement
technological engagement
personal contact
economic integration
What five factors make a place switched on or detached?
political, cultural, physical, environmental, economic
What is the first wave of global shift?
movement on manufacturing
What is the second wave of global shift?
outsourcing of services and industries
what are the benefits of global shift on manufacturing in China?
more jobs, higher income and tax, more investment
What are the costs of global shift on manufacturing in China?
sweat shops created + bad for environment, environmental damage, pressure groups, limited to secondary sector
What are the costs and benefits to outsourcing services to India
+ increased jobs
+development due to investment
-language barrier (e.g BT call centre)
-Loss of IT sector in many jobs
What is enquiry question 2?
What are the impacts of globalisation for countries, different groups of people and cultures and the physical environment?
What are the impacts of global shift on the UK and USA?
UK:
-derelict land
-spiral of decline
-web of deprivation
-leaves contaminated land behind
USA:
-cheaper labour costs abroad
-rust belts created with limited jobs and deindustrialisation
define migration
movement of a person or person’s from one place to another involving a permanent (1 year or more) change in address can be internal or international
what are the three types of migrants?
displaced persons
voluntary migrants
illegal migrants
what are displaced persons?
refugee/asylum seekers who seek a temporary stay and pay repetition to own country, can be granted citizenship
What are voluntary migrants?
permanent move for work or better quality of life or Temporary move for work
What are illegal migrants?
move for work organised move due to criminal activities, living/working until discovered, forced deportation
What does Lee’s model of migration show?
the push and pull factors with lots of intervening obstacles
What are the push factors for migration?
war
better quality of life
marriage
What are the pull factors for migration?
higher standards of living, city life, receptive society
What are the intervening obstacles to migration?
distance, borders/visas, money
what are the examples of internal migration?
rural to urban
urban to rural
inter urban (one city to another)
intra-urban (within a city)
transmigration (forced movement within a country)
