Globalisation

Question 1

What is Globalisation?

Answer 1

Globalisation is the increasing diversity in society through the increasing connections between international borders, this has been supported by the advancements made in technology

Question 2

How has Globalisation impacted families?

Answer 2

Families may change their cultural norms to fit what they deem to be most “normal”
•This view of normality would have been heavily influenced by media representations of the family

Question 3

Trends in Globalisation: Acceleration and Differentiation

Answer 3

•Acceleration: the speeding up of the rate of migration
-> 2000-2013, international migration increased by 33%
•Differentiation: there are many different types of migrant
->migrants can be legal or illegal
•Vertovec (2007): globalisation has led to super-diversity where individuals of different legal status, social class, culture, or religion are dispersed throughout the UK

Question 4

Cohen (2006): Citizens

Answer 4

People within a country entitled to full citizen rights
-> in the 1970s, this was made harder to achieve for migrants

Question 5

Cohen (2006): Denizens

Answer 5

Prestiged, rich, foreign nationals who are welcomed by the state government
->billionaire oligarchs

Question 6

Cohen (2006): Helots

Answer 6

•Employees who are exploited to act as a reserve army of labour
->”disposable units of labour”

Question 7

Migrant Identities

Answer 7

•For migrants and their families, their country of origin may provide an additional source of identity
•Eade (1994): migrants may develop hybrid identities made up of 2 or more sources
-> British people may feel hostile to those with a hybrid identity and therefore decide to challenge their identity

Question 8

Which sociologist argues that Globalisation has led to more diverse migration patterns?

Answer 8

Eriksen (2007)

Question 9

How does globalisation create transnational identities?

Answer 9

•People can sustain foreign identities without having to travel
•Post-Modernists: allows us to “pick-and-mix” our identity by highlighting what is important enough to identify ourselves by

Question 10

Feminisation of Globalisation

Answer 10

•Over half of all migrants are women
•The types of jobs they do fit into the patriarchal stereotypes which fits into a global gendered division of labour
•Gaps in the labour market are filled by women
•Shultz: 40% of adult care nurses in the UK are migrants

Question 11

Global Transfer of Women’s Labour

Answer 11

Women’s emotional labour is sold to provide financial support to their children instead of emotional support

Question 12

Mail Order Brides

Answer 12

Men seek to marry women from abroad out of expectations that women from certain ethnicities will act in a certain manner e.g. some women stereotypically are more obedient
•Globalisation has allowed this to happen because of:
-> easier communication
-> easier transportation

Question 13

How is Human Trafficking made possible with Globalisation

Answer 13

•Easier communication between organisers
•Transport is simple; can be private
•Fraudulence of documents
•Vulnerability of women
•Demand for women (mail-order wives)

Question 14

Ehrenreich & Hochschild (2003)

Answer 14

•Care, domestic, and sex work in the UK is majorly done by women from poorer countries
•This is a result of:
-the demand for female labour
-western women now being regularly in the labour force
-western men are unwilling to take part in domestic work
-failure of the state to provide adequate childcare

Question 15

Politicisation of Migration

Answer 15

•Societies have policies to control immigration and migrants
•2014 Terrorism Act: police can stop and search anyone without cause
•These have lead to the over-policing of Asian communities

Question 16

State policies to approach Immigration

Answer 16

Assimilation: encourages immigrants to adopt the language as to “fit in” with the population

Question 17

Why has assimilation failed?

Answer 17

•Many migrants want to keep their own culture
•Castle: assimilation is counter-productive as they label migrants as the “other”

Question 18

British Citizenship

Answer 18

•If immigrants want to have a citizenship, they must get over 75% on a citizenship test
•This test typically involves British history, culture, society, and politics
•Bartram: UK citizenship was introduced in 2005 to address white w/c concerns

Question 19

Negative Effects of British Citizenship

Answer 19

•Minorities start to emphasise their differences, Brits see them as the “enemy within”
•May lead to “anti-terrorism” policies which introduces stereotypes and further marginalisation

Question 20

Multiculturalism

Answer 20

•Acceptance of the way migrants may want to keep their culture of origin
:( Eriksen education shows “shallow diversity” since it fails to address the deeper issues such as racism
•Since the 9/11 attack, many politicians have taken a “step back” and have decided that migrants much assimilate

Question 21

How does Assimilation benefit Capitalism?

Answer 21

Castle and Kosack (1973): assimilation prevents united action in defence of working class interests. ->It encourages racist scapegoating