Globalisation

Question 1

glocal

Answer 1

interconnectedness

Question 2

3 types of crime that have increased due to globalisation

Answer 2

cyber crime, financial crime, drugs trade

Question 3

what did beck mean by risk consciousness?

Answer 3

awareness about potential risks

Question 4

globalisation

Answer 4

interconnected changes in society

Question 5

4 types of cyber crime identified by wall

Answer 5

fraud, theft, terrorism + violence

Question 6

disorganised capitalism

Answer 6

describe a form of capitalism that lacks a coordinated system of control

Question 7

give 1 reason why globalised crime is hard to police

Answer 7

can transcend national borders

Question 8

name 2 globalisation factors which have impacted crime

Answer 8

economic and cultural globalisation

Question 9

Held

Answer 9

states that the globalisation of crime is the growing interconnectedness of crime across national borders (transnational organised crime)

Question 10

Castells

Answer 10

argues that there is now a global criminal economy of over £1 trillion per annum

Question 11

Globalisation and New Types of Crime:
Drug Trade

Answer 11

the global drugs trade is now worth over $300 billion per year. Drugs are often cultivated in third world countries such as Columbia and Peru which have large, impoverished populations so drugs are an attractive trade as it requires little investment but commands high prices especially in the western world

Question 12

Globalisation and New Types of Crime:
Financial Crimes

Answer 12

e.g. money laundering have become much easier with the relaxing of international banking laws meaning that people are able to move money between offshore accounts much easier to haven countries where national laws do not allow law enforcement access to accounts

Question 13

Globalisation and New Types of Crime:
Cyber Crime

Answer 13

has developed out of the growth in technology and take a number of forms including cyber fraud, cyber theft, cyber terrorism and cyber violence, it is a transnational crime as the hacker can be in one country whilst hacking a system in a another country

Question 14

Globalisation and New Types of Crime:
Transnational Organised Crime

Answer 14

a growth in organised crime networks based on economic links, (Glenny) – ‘McMafia’ which developed from the deregulation of global markets and the fall of the Soviet Union, the old school mafias e.g. Italian and the triads began to disperse around the world, especially in places like the USA

Question 15

Impact of globalisation on crime:
Opportunities

Answer 15

growing globalisation, technological advancements and communications has led to newer types of crime as well as new ways in which to carry out crime, in particular places like the Dark Web which allows criminals to communicate and conduct crimes whilst undetected, additionally crimes can be committed in one nation whilst the criminal is in a different country

Question 16

Impact of globalisation on crime:
Risk Society

Answer 16

(Beck) – growing instability in the globalised world has led to people being more risk conscious, the causes of the risks are often global in nature which can make it hard to pinpoint who is responsible and the media can play on this fear, these fears can lead to hate crimes and racially motivated crime

Question 17

Impact of globalisation on crime:
Problems with policing

Answer 17

due to crimes becoming transnational it requires cooperation between many different law enforcement agencies to bring the criminals to justice, additionally what may be illegal in one country and the victim in another it can be difficult to determine jurisdiction