globalisation

Question 1

aims of WTO (world trade organisation)

Answer 1

• reduce barriers
• promote free trade between countries
  ensuring that trading nations keep to the agreed international trade rules through sanctions

Question 2

aims of IMF (international monetary fund)

Answer 2

allow the currency to be exchanged freely and easily between 190 global member countries

Question 3

aims of The World Bank

Answer 3

• provides finance, advice & research to developing nations to aid economic advancement;
• funds projects for developing countries

Question 4

TNC’d to aid development

Answer 4

the process of moving manufacturing around the globe that has resulted in the development of emerging countries such as China, India and Brazil

Question 5

well known NGO’s

Answer 5

• Red Cross
• the Salvation Army

Question 6

how does the UN have an impact on the effects of globalisation

Answer 6

• Maintaining international peace and security;
• Protecting human rights;
• Delivering humanitarian aid;
• Promoting sustainable development;

Question 7

features of NGO’s

Answer 7

• Non-Profit: profit should be used for expanding NGO activities further.
• Values: social, cultural, economic or political; should work towards public good
• Voluntary: formed by a group of like-minded volunteers who have come together to address a common issue
• Legally registered: only legally registered NGOs can access formal donations.
• Non-criminal: do not indulge in anti-social and criminal activities.

Question 8

example of ethnic cleansing

Answer 8

1920: Turkey expelled its Greek minority and Greece expelled its Turkish minority following the Greco-Turkish War.

Question 9

push factors

Answer 9

• unemployment
• civil war
• crime
• poverty
• ill health
• harsh climate
• retirement
• drought
• famine
• ethnic cleansing

Question 10

pull factors

Answer 10

• freedom of speech
• cheap land
• family ties
• no hazards
• employment
• marriage
• personal safety
• education
• higher wages
• health services

Question 11

Temporary economic migrants

Answer 11

people that migrate purely for monetary purposes where they stay for a few years or less and then move on - short stay workers

Question 12

why do retired people migrate?

Answer 12

• don’t need to live close to work
• Warmer climates - e.g. Las Vegas -dry, warm climate
• Downsize into a smaller/cheaper home to save costs
• quieter/calmer/more attractive environment

Question 13

why might people migrate voluntarily?

Answer 13

• work/ promotion/ higher wages
• rural to urban areas
• urban to rural

Question 14

Medical migration

Answer 14

doctors/ surgeons migrate where skills are in demand/ patients migrate for health reasons

Question 15

Circular Migration

Answer 15

no intention of a permanent move e.g. :

• Seasonal workers - return home after a short contract
• Students at uni - return at the end of the term to their normal place of residence
• Medical treatment - people to move to countries temporarily
• Tourism - encourages circular movement with longer stays

Question 16

who are the people responsible for forced migration?

Answer 16

The UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)

Question 17

modern transport and communications has made trading and interaction almost instantaneous

Answer 17

time-space compression

Question 18

trade

Answer 18

import and export of raw materials, food goods and services through the reduction of trade barriers

Question 19

Economies of Scale

Answer 19

the cost per item reduces when operated on a large scale

Question 20

benefits of globalisation at a local level

Answer 20

• Greater choice of goods
• Integration of cultures - multi-culture
• Spread of technology and innovation

Question 21

cost of globalisation at a local level

Answer 21

• Small local businesses cannot compete with global companies
• Labour drain - skilled workers migrate elsewhere leaving unskilled or no workers behind
• Worker exploitation/cheap labour
• Closure of TNC leaves high unemployment rates
• Cultural dilution/loss of cultural identity
• Environmental cost of increased production, trade and growth
• Daily living costs increased

Question 22

benefits of globalisation on a national level

Answer 22

• economic growth from tourism
• improved health care, infrastructure, social care and education
• TNC offer apprenticeships and incentives for progression

Question 23

costs of globalisation on a national level

Answer 23

• TNCs control a large labour force and can ‘black list’ workers, effectively preventing people from working elsewhere
• Industrial growth impacts the environment
• Growth of urban slums

Question 24

benefits of globalisation on an international level

Answer 24

• Skilled workers are in demand and can move relatively easily between countries
• Access to wide levels of skills and research

Question 25

costs of globalisation on an international level

Answer 25

• loss of biodiversity increases;
• The impact is greater on developing countries, particularly remote rural areas, increasing the development gap
• movement of skilled workers and researchers - imbalance in developing and emerging countries reducing the potential for further development
  unless they pay higher wages, leading to higher global costs

Question 26

multiplier effect

Answer 26

business is set up in an area - creates jobs - they have more money to spend on other local businesses - employ more people - government has more money from taxes that they can spend on infastructure that will attract more businesses.