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Geography UNIT 2 EXAM REVISION > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

% owning phones? increase?

Example of how technology has possibly accelerated Globalisation? Company example - location?

A

Mobile Phones, 2005 = 6% of Africans owned a mobile phone 2015 = 70%. M Pesa has helped businesses by allowing to transfer credit between phone users

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2
Q

do Transport and tech innovations mean globalisation is inevitable?

A

NO - Tech isn’t distributed evenly due to global digital divide, pop density not high enought to atract investors etc

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3
Q

Who are the three INternational Orgaisation that hav acted as the World brokers’??

A

The World Bank, World Trade Organisatio and IMF.

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4
Q

List the 4 different ways that GOVERNMENTS can accelerate globalisation

A

Neo Liberalism
Privatisation -
Encouraging busines start ups
The growth of free trade blocs

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5
Q

Benefits of removing internal tarrif s WITH EXAMPLES (5)

A

-Companies gain customers _ Tesco gained 70 M after EU Expansion
-Specialisation
-Enlarged market increased demand, increae volume of production, lowering manafa costs, cheaper products
-Encourage TNC’S to set up there
-Spatial division of labour (US AND MEXICO)

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6
Q

Example of Trade Blocs helping developing nations? What is their growth like?

A

ASEAN - Helped the Indonesia’s Manafacturing industry and Philipines call centre workforce gain worldwide reputation. High amount og growth Cambodia 7.6%!!!

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7
Q

What three Countries used SEZ’s to help its growth?

A

China, India and Indonesia

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8
Q

What did Indonesia do to grow?
Who and why lent them money?

A

Turned away from communism - opened the market. TNC’s came due to low costs such as GAP and Levi’s
World Bank lent money to further encourgage FDI and free trade

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9
Q

What did India do to grow ?
any barriers to that growth?
Percentage of family owned business?

A

Finacial reforms in 1991 - Large TNC’s such as Tata steel, major global players
TC’s now have to partner with a local business - has dtereed FDI - IKEA left - 90% family owned

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10
Q

What did China do to grow?
TNC’S?
Positive impacts on population?

A

Open Door Policy 1978 - TRiggered the largest human migration of 300 million to urban places. Led to low wage factories which TNC’s rushed in for - CHINA DUBBED FACTORY OF THE WORLD
Freed over 400 million from poverty

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11
Q

How much FDI did Shenzhen attract in 1992?

A

$4.3 BN - 14% of chinas total FDI

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12
Q

What is global shift?

A

The INternational Relocation of different types of industries such as manafacturing

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13
Q

Example of Global shift in manafacturing?

A

Decrease in EU, US, Japan
Increase - East Asia and China

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14
Q

Bnefits of an emerging Asia?

A

By 2030 Asia ill be home to 3 billion middle class people
Education has improve

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15
Q

Costs of an emerging Asia?

A

-Acceleration of environmental decline - (Nigerias forests have halved)

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16
Q

What are the three types of migration?

A

International
Economic
Rural-Urban

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17
Q

How and Why are MegaCities growing?

A

Increase in migration
Large natural population growth in developing mega cities (Lack of contraception)
Most Mega cities are in Asia/Africa
33 Mega cities - 16 of them are in China

18
Q

What social and Environmental challenges does rapidly growing mega city growth bring?

A

Large deforestation/Huge amounts of pollution(Water/Factories)
Poor quality housing - high demand - squatter settlements
Lack of resources
Mixing of cultures

19
Q

How does international migration deepend interdependence between regions?

A

Can send remittance back to family in developed nations
Labour - high skilled/Low skilled
Global Hubs help connect places

20
Q

Example of mass Low wage economic Migration?

A

Indian Migrants moving to UAE to work in the construction industry for extremely low wages

21
Q

what are the impacts of migration on the HOST country?

A

-Increase in population
-Social/Cultural tensions
-Damage to the environment
-More Tax money
-Migrants willing to do Low wage jobs locals may not want to do

22
Q

What are the impacts of migration on the SOURCE location?

A

More money being spent - due to remittances being sent home
-Reduced Workforce
-Reduced Tax Base
-Brain Drain
-Reduced Strain on resources - eases pressure on housing and availability

23
Q

What is cultural Diffusion?

A

Where different cultures merge together in a place due to different people moving to places with different cultures

24
Q

How can Cultural diffusion said to be as a direct result of Globalisation?

A

Easy access and transport with Shrinking World Tech - made it easier to occur
TNC’s moving abroad leads to their culture spreading to the local population hence diffusion

25
Q

What are the impacts of cultural diffusion?

A

-Social Tensions
-Extreme Nationalism
-Cultural Erosion
Hybridisation
Increased resource use and devaluation of ecosystems (Deforestation)

26
Q

What is cultural Erosion and how is it changing the built and natural environment?

A

This is where a culture is wiped out and replaced with a new culture (Usually a Western Culture)
This usually entails lots of environmental damage
Urban Landscape increases

27
Q

Why are some concerned about globalisation?

A

They feel that cultures and traditions are being wiped out
Lots of environmental damage takes place
De-Industrialisation

28
Q

Define Development?

A

Generally means the ways in which a country seeks to develop economically and improve living standards for its inhabitants

29
Q

What are the three types of Development Indictators with examples for each?

A

Social - Life Expectancy/Literacy Rates
Economic-GDP,GNI(Gross National Income)
Environmental-Green Spaces,Greenhouse,%rene

30
Q

What evidence is there to support the view that rich are getting richer, poorer getting poorer.

A

The richest 1% saw their share of the walth go from 44% in 2009 to 99% in 2016
1 billion people still lve on less than $1.25 a day
people in relative poverty has grown

31
Q

What evidence is there to GO AGAINST the view that rich are getting richer, poorer getting poorer.

A

The economy has grown much faster than % pop
Wealth and inequality has grown more slowly over time
Global [Poverty has been halved since the Intro of the Milleniul Development Goals in 2000

32
Q

What is the trend with the ‘Consumer Class’

A

The amount of peope on over $10 a day has nearly quadrupled from 1990 (1.2b) to 3.8bn in 2025

33
Q

What effect does the rise in the consumer class have for the environment?

A

Increasing pop and increasing consumer class puts strain on resourcees
Resource depletion
Land degredation

34
Q

What environmental tensions have been caused by the rise of the global incomes?

A

increase in meat diets - large eco footprint
More water stress - hrough food, urbanisation
Increased demand for energy
Global diffusion and adoption of manafactured items - us lifestyle- high eco footprint

35
Q

What are the three types of sustainability?

A

Economic Susatainability - Acess to reliable income
Social Sustainability - Reasonable quality of life
Env sustainability - reduce damage to env, renewables resources used more

36
Q

How can problems of globalisation be managed?

A

Reduce, reuse and recycle
Ethical Purchasing
Local Sourcing

37
Q

What is the Local Souricng Solution and what problem is it trying to solve?
PSD on who is solving the issue?

A

Low price of container shipping/costs i developing countries - TNC’s maxamise profits - large footprint
example- fuji Water , 20K miles
Solution - buy locally sourced food for example such as THE EDEN PROJECT

38
Q

PSD on place that is transitioning with local sourcing on mind?

A

Todmorden - Bottom Up scheme - Grow their own food and plants - reduces reliance on globalised products and is sustainable

39
Q

Example of a Ethical consumption?

A

Rana Plaza in Dhakar collapsed , workers still had to do orders after it collapsed - led to the Accord on Fire and Safety Bill - legall binding agreement on workers safety

40
Q

Example of a Fair Trade Scheme?

A

Fairtrade - used in Ghana - gives Cocoa farmers more for their proucts - $2K per tonne - recieve training for farms - can borrow money

41
Q

Explain recycling and resource consumption with some PSD

A

Reducing waste important to help environment - 50% recycling target by 2020 in EU- The UK sends its excess waste to Sweden - who have very good recycling infrastructure 99% recycled

Geography UNIT 2 EXAM REVISION (3 decks)

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