globalisation Flashcards
Economic Globalisation:
capitalist free markets operate without national borders
provide 4 examples of Evidence for a Globalised Economy:
- Spread of capitalist free market
- Growth and spread of TNCs
- McDonaldisation (Ritzer, 2000)
- Global financial markets
Political Globalisation:
global TNCs, charities & multi-state organisations now make political decisions for many countries
what is Global decision-making
states that act together to make decisions and work together to form Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs)
examples of Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs)
European Union (EU) United Nations (UN) North-Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Cultural Globalisation
global media & communications, travel & tourism and world sport mean we’re all part of a world community
summarise the Neoliberal Perspective
on globalisation
Known as “positive globalists” - they believe it’s a good thing because it extends free markets, liberal democracy and “trickle down” equality
summarise the Radical Perspective
on Globalisation
they highlight issues in dependency theory and neo-colonialism as some pitfalls of globalisation
Believe globalisation only serves to increase inequality by making businesses more profitable through exploitative and disingenuous practices
what does Cultural imperialism lead to
cultural homogenisation
Cultural imperialism is
- imposing culture through economics/trade
Cultural homogenisation is
- loss of cultural diversity as globalisation increases
what do marxists believe are the new empire-builders? as a reference to neo-colonialism
TNCs and IGOs are the new empire-builders. This reflects traditional radical and Marxist thought.
Transformationalist Perspective
believe that
- Globalisation might naturally slow or reverse
- We might be able to reject the negatives and accept the positives of globalisation
why do transformationalists believe that cultural homogenisation wont happen. what is this called?
Homogenisation doesn’t need to happen - we can instead keep our culture and share it, for everyone’s benefit. This is called hybridization of culture
outline the extent of economic gloablisation today.
Economic globalisation has come a long way- TNCs are now only curbed by IGOs like the EU, and are more powerful than almost all states
what do hirst and thomson argue
that there is no evidence for a fully developed global economy. the economic downturn of 2008 has slowed down globalisation further
why do neoliberals believe that the free market leads to economic growth
countries embracing the free market,, such as china and india, are countries experiencing economic development. however countries in africa are continuing to experience economic problems
why do neoliberasls believe that economic problems in africa are continuing
because they are outside the global free market. countries must integrate their economies into the global market in order to develop
what do radicals see globalisation as in affecting culture
radicals see globalisation as a leader of cultural homogenisation.
what does mass advertising of western culture suggest to third world countries
mass advertising of western culture such as coca cola and mcdonalds suggests to people from these countries that they should adopt a western consumer lifestyle
Explain what sociologists mean by “McDonaldisation” in relation to economic development
(Ritzer, 2000)
Sameness and rigid routine that characterises successful globalised business
Outline the transformationalist view of globalisation & give evidence to support it
The world is naturally changing and has always been unequal.. Some countries rise while others fall - this is normal and is morally neutral.
Evidence: cultural hybridisation, cultural transmission
Winners and Losers from Globalisation - P. 123
-
Transnational Capitalist Class (Sklair, 1995) Bottom Billion (Collier, 2007)
-
