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Science 10 > Global Systems > Flashcards

Global Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weather vs. climate

A

weather occurs at a given time at a particular location

climate the conditions are in an area over a long period of time

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2
Q

weather includes (7)

A 
pressure
temperature
precipiatation
UV index
humidity
wind
cloud cover
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3
Q

climate can be indicated by (6)

A
  • Changes to gas concentration in the atmosphere
  • Satellite images
  • Biodiversity
  • Weather balloons
  • Ice cores
  • Tree rings
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4
Q

biosphere is

A

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms

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5
Q

biosphere includes (3)

A

Lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere

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6
Q

Lithosphere

A

all of the land including continental and oceanic crust (energy from the sun and from the molten magma in the mantle)

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7
Q

atmosphere is composed of

A

composed of nitrogen gas (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide and argon and methane and ozone (1%)

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8
Q

layers of the atmosphere (5)

A
  1. thermosphere
  2. mesosphere
  3. stratosphere (ozone layer)
  4. troposphere
  5. earth
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9
Q

absorption of the sun’s energy

A

20% absorbed by the atmosphere and 50% by the earth

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10
Q

Ozone layer does what

A

absorbs UV radiation keeping us from high cancer rates and melting (MAZE RUNNER)

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11
Q

Ozone depletion in 1993

A

caused by CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigerators and air conditioners) – caused the hole in the ozone that fixed itself

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12
Q

Hydrosphere

A

all of the water (70% of the biosphere is hydrosphere)

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13
Q

Hydrosphere composure

A

oceans (97%)

other 3% mostly glaciers but also rivers, groundwater, lakes, water vapour in the atmosphere

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14
Q

3 types of energy transfer

A

radiation
conduction
convection

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15
Q

radiation

A

travels through space as EM waves

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16
Q

conduction

A

heat transfer in solids (touching)

17
Q

convection

A

heat transfer in fluid (hot air rises)

18
Q

heat transfer effect by oceans

A

** large bodies of water have a moderating effect (ex. Hawaii is always hot while Alberta has very cold winters and hot summers) – due to the heat capacity of the water

  • these areas don’t change temperatures as much because all the solar energy is working towards heating the water
19
Q

water has a very (high/low) heat capacity?

A

high (ex. sand gets hot on beach before water) (pot gets hot before water boils)

20
Q

Climatologists believe that we are experiencing climate change partly caused by humans TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

21
Q

water vapour

A

is a potent greenhouse gas

22
Q

enhanced greenhouse effect

A

is making the earth hotter (caused by human activity)

23
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

CO2
methane CH4
N2O

24
Q

Carbon Sources

A

combustion of fossil fuels (coal, gasoline), wood

respiration

25
Q

Carbon sinks

A

photosynthesis
carbon sequestration (incorporated into rocks on soil)
CO2 dissolving in oceans

26
Q

effects of temp increase (6)

A
  • Rising sea levels – more flooding for coastal regions
  • Retreat of glaciers – lower albedo – more absorption of solar energy
  • Increase of disease from tropical areas to other areas
  • Bleaching of coral reefs
  • Drought in some areas
  • Loss of biodiversity
27
Q

Ozone depletion

A

atmospheric measurements indicated in the 1970s-80s that ozone levels were declining over time
- CFCs

28
Q

CFCs do what to the ozone

A

react w it and break it down into oxygen

29
Q

Montreal protocol of 1993

A

banned the worst CFCs

30
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

“environmental goal by this year” - not all countries agreed

31
Q

Natural greenhouse effect

A

due to the atmosphere (ice age)

32
Q

Venus is farther from the sun than Mercury but hotter because…

A

Venus has an atmosphere of CO2

Science 10 (7 decks)

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