Global Shift (90+6)

Question 1

What is a global network?

Answer 1

Large scale connectivity within/between nations
Linked by global flows

Question 2

Why may 2+ economies be described as interdependent?

Answer 2

Over reliant on each other for financial/political connections

Question 3

FDI?

Answer 3

Financial injection made by TNC into economy of developing nation

Question 4

SEZ?

Answer 4

Special economic zone
Often found near favourable area (Coastline)
Attracts TNCs

Question 5

ASEAN?

Answer 5

Association of South East Nations
10 member states + 660m population
Eliminate tariffs + incentivise free trade in SE Asia

Question 6

China - Open/Closed door?

Answer 6

Open - Exports more ‘rare earths’ minerals
Foreign TNCs allowed to invest in certain sectors
Closed - Censorship + Firewalls
Strict TNC control in some sectors

Question 7

KOF Index?

Answer 7

Annual Globalisation Index
2019 - Swiss + Dutch most globalised
Data such as UN peace keeping mission participation
Debatable criteria

Question 8

AT Kearney?

Answer 8

World cities index - New York, London, Hong Kong among top 5 Alpha cities
Measures ‘Business activity’, ‘Cultural experience’, ‘Political Engagement’

Question 9

Outsourcing?

Answer 9

TNC contracts another company to produce their goods + services
Global Network link

Question 10

Global Production Network?

Answer 10

Chain of connected suppliers of parts + materials
Contribute to assembly/manufacturing of goods

Question 11

Glocalisation?

Answer 11

Adaptaion of product to cater to local trends/tastes/regulations
E.g., Maharaja Mac in India

Question 12

Switched off?

Answer 12

Poorest nations, lack strong flows of trade + investment
E.g., North Korea - Significant censorship, Political isolation

Question 13

Global Shift?

Answer 13

International relocation of different types of industry
Increased prominence of industry in Asia, less so in SA

Question 14

How many have escaped $1.25 a day poverty since 1990?

Answer 14

1 billion
Majority Asian

Question 15

Where has outsourcing been the most prominent?

Answer 15

India - Call centers
Bangalore well-established hub
China - Manufacturing
Deemed ‘Workshop of the World’ in 90s

Question 16

Outsourcing Consequences?

Answer 16

India - Exploitation
Middle class growth
Disparity between classes
China - Sweatshop exploitation
Environment fucked - Life exp. down 5yrs
Larger incomes + technology

Question 17

Airpocalypse?

Answer 17

Pollution in developing nations due to global shifts + outsourcing

Question 18

Deindustrialisation 70s + 80s?

Answer 18

America + Europe - Economic + social issues to inner city areas (Unemployment, crime, dereliction)
Relocation to Asia

Question 19

Megacities?

Answer 19

10m + people
3 in 1970, possibly 40 by 2030

Question 20

Rural-Urban migration causes?

Answer 20

Urban pull factors
Rural push factors
Shrinking world tech

Question 21

Mumbai + Lagos?

Answer 21

M - 26m people 2018, doubled since 1970
Work in retail areas (Colaba Causeway), middle class ^
L - 1m people 1970, 2018 13-21m
Nigeria’s major port + vital telecommunication center

Question 22

Global Hub?

Answer 22

Highly globally connected city
Home region of large, globally connected community

Question 23

3 migrants?

Answer 23

Elite international - High skill + social influence
Low waged international - Drawn to global hubs
Internal - Main driver of national global hub growth

Question 24

Low wage international E.g.,?

Answer 24

Indians to the UAE
$15b remittances to India annually
Transport, construction, manufacturing industries
Exploitation etc…

Question 25

Migration costs? (Host + Source)

Answer 25

Host - Racial tensions
Cultural diffusion
Political prioritisation
Source - Economic loss of a generation
Consumption falls

Question 26

Migration Benefits?

Answer 26

Host - Fills skill shortages
Migrants fill laborious roles
Source - Remittances
New skills introduced upon return

Question 27

Soft power?

Answer 27

Power derived from culture, trends, political values + diplomacy

Question 28

Factors affecting global culture?

Answer 28

TNCs
Media
Migration + Tourism

Question 29

Asia changing diets?

Answer 29

Meat consumption: 90s, 5 -> 50kg increase
Worlds biggest market for processed food
Crops imported, livestock farming prominent

Question 30

Development?

Answer 30

Ways in which nation means to progress socially, economically, politically
Improved quality of life

Question 31

Environmental winners + losers?

Answer 31

W - Consumers, Europe, West
L - Producers, SA + Africa (Cash cropping, degredation)

Question 32

Prohibited + Illegal flows?

Answer 32

P - Cuba + USA - All trade ceased due to CW tensions
I - Columbia + USA - 99% of US coke from Columbia
US supplied $3b in military aid as
prevention

Question 33

Ecological footprint?

Answer 33

Area of land+/ water needed to provide person/society with energy, food + resources

Question 34

Transition town?

Answer 34

Settlement focused on bottom-up initiatives
Aims for sustainability
Todmorden, veg on tombstones

Question 35

Ethical purchase?

Answer 35

Purchase by which consumer has considered social + environmental costs of production

Question 36

Ethical consumption schemes?

Answer 36

Fairtrade
Supply chain monitoring - Tough to police accurately
NGO action - Raise awareness but have finite resources