Global Shift (90+6) Flashcards
What is a global network?
Large scale connectivity within/between nations
Linked by global flows
Why may 2+ economies be described as interdependent?
Over reliant on each other for financial/political connections
FDI?
Financial injection made by TNC into economy of developing nation
SEZ?
Special economic zone
Often found near favourable area (Coastline)
Attracts TNCs
ASEAN?
Association of South East Nations
10 member states + 660m population
Eliminate tariffs + incentivise free trade in SE Asia
China - Open/Closed door?
Open - Exports more ‘rare earths’ minerals
Foreign TNCs allowed to invest in certain sectors
Closed - Censorship + Firewalls
Strict TNC control in some sectors
KOF Index?
Annual Globalisation Index
2019 - Swiss + Dutch most globalised
Data such as UN peace keeping mission participation
Debatable criteria
AT Kearney?
World cities index - New York, London, Hong Kong among top 5 Alpha cities
Measures ‘Business activity’, ‘Cultural experience’, ‘Political Engagement’
Outsourcing?
TNC contracts another company to produce their goods + services
Global Network link
Global Production Network?
Chain of connected suppliers of parts + materials
Contribute to assembly/manufacturing of goods
Glocalisation?
Adaptaion of product to cater to local trends/tastes/regulations
E.g., Maharaja Mac in India
Switched off?
Poorest nations, lack strong flows of trade + investment
E.g., North Korea - Significant censorship, Political isolation
Global Shift?
International relocation of different types of industry
Increased prominence of industry in Asia, less so in SA
How many have escaped $1.25 a day poverty since 1990?
1 billion
Majority Asian
Where has outsourcing been the most prominent?
India - Call centers
Bangalore well-established hub
China - Manufacturing
Deemed ‘Workshop of the World’ in 90s
Outsourcing Consequences?
India - Exploitation
Middle class growth
Disparity between classes
China - Sweatshop exploitation
Environment fucked - Life exp. down 5yrs
Larger incomes + technology
Airpocalypse?
Pollution in developing nations due to global shifts + outsourcing
Deindustrialisation 70s + 80s?
America + Europe - Economic + social issues to inner city areas (Unemployment, crime, dereliction)
Relocation to Asia
Megacities?
10m + people
3 in 1970, possibly 40 by 2030
Rural-Urban migration causes?
Urban pull factors
Rural push factors
Shrinking world tech
Mumbai + Lagos?
M - 26m people 2018, doubled since 1970
Work in retail areas (Colaba Causeway), middle class ^
L - 1m people 1970, 2018 13-21m
Nigeria’s major port + vital telecommunication center
Global Hub?
Highly globally connected city
Home region of large, globally connected community
3 migrants?
Elite international - High skill + social influence
Low waged international - Drawn to global hubs
Internal - Main driver of national global hub growth
Low wage international E.g.,?
Indians to the UAE
$15b remittances to India annually
Transport, construction, manufacturing industries
Exploitation etc…
Migration costs? (Host + Source)
Host - Racial tensions
Cultural diffusion
Political prioritisation
Source - Economic loss of a generation
Consumption falls
Migration Benefits?
Host - Fills skill shortages
Migrants fill laborious roles
Source - Remittances
New skills introduced upon return
Soft power?
Power derived from culture, trends, political values + diplomacy
Factors affecting global culture?
TNCs
Media
Migration + Tourism
Asia changing diets?
Meat consumption: 90s, 5 -> 50kg increase
Worlds biggest market for processed food
Crops imported, livestock farming prominent
Development?
Ways in which nation means to progress socially, economically, politically
Improved quality of life
Environmental winners + losers?
W - Consumers, Europe, West
L - Producers, SA + Africa (Cash cropping, degredation)
Prohibited + Illegal flows?
P - Cuba + USA - All trade ceased due to CW tensions
I - Columbia + USA - 99% of US coke from Columbia
US supplied $3b in military aid as
prevention
Ecological footprint?
Area of land+/ water needed to provide person/society with energy, food + resources
Transition town?
Settlement focused on bottom-up initiatives
Aims for sustainability
Todmorden, veg on tombstones
Ethical purchase?
Purchase by which consumer has considered social + environmental costs of production
Ethical consumption schemes?
Fairtrade
Supply chain monitoring - Tough to police accurately
NGO action - Raise awareness but have finite resources
