global revision

Question 1

what departments did Morrison secretly swear himself into

Answer 1

during the coronavirus pandemic, PM Scott Morrison was secretly sworn in as Minister of 5 portfolios

1. Department of Health (14 March 2020)
2. Department of Finance (30 March 2020)
3. Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (15 April 2021)
4. Department of Home Affairs (6 May 2021)
5. Department of Treasury (6 May 2021)

There were two Ministers for these portfolios, and existing Ministers were not informed

Question 2

pep- 11 (Petroleum Exploration Permit 11) gas project-

Licence application overruled by Morrison

Answer 2

• Asset Energy = company which sought to renew its licence and start exploratory drilling
• Application initially approved by Minister Keith Pitt
• Pep-11 proposal unpopular - adjacent electorates
• licence approval threatened Liberal seats
• sitting MPs faced an electoral threats from Teal independents and Labor

Dec 2021 Morrison used his new powers to overrule previous decision by the Minister to renew a gas-drilling licence

Question 3

robodebt

Answer 3

compliance program
* welfare recipients owed debts to the Clth govt
* ‘debt’ based on assumptions using annual income to estimate average fortnightly income

Question 4

why was robodebt unfair

Answer 4

• automated system - algorithm
• whistleblowers reported problems 2016
• reversed onus on welfare recipients to prove they did not owe a debt

Question 5

how was robodebt unlawful

Answer 5

• 2018 Prof Terry Carney (former senior member of the administrative appeals tribunal) warned income averaging not lawful basis to est a debt

Question 6

impact of robodebt on strength of Australian democracy

Answer 6

2019 Govt admission of error
* admitted error in Fed Court (late 2019)
* abandoned use of “income averaging”
* settled a class action (cost of $1.8bn)
* ‘robodebts’ wiped or refunded

weaken trust in government competences and compassion of citizens because resulted in unnecessary stress and death in some situation

government was challenged by judiciary body and questioned on time and research taken on how policies are developed and implemented

Question 7

impact of Morrison ministries scandal on strength of Australian democracy

Answer 7

• Most Cabinet Ministers had no knowledge it had happened
• Greg Hunt (Health) and Keith Pitt (Minister for Industry, Science, Energy and Resources) did know

-The secrecy of swearing in from the public and members of parliament erodes trust and integrity because he was not transparent

-highlights weakness withing parliament as scomo was able to get into so many ministries undetected

Question 8

Morrison ministries scandal- Governor-General

Answer 8

Gov-Gen, David Hurley, signed Morrison in as Minister without the usual swearing in ceremony

the Governor-General was acting on the directions of the Prime Minister

Question 9

sports rorts- Morrison Government 2019

Answer 9

• Community Sport Infrastructure Grant Program
• funding totaling A$102.5 million was approved for 684 projects
• Report by Australian National Audit Office
• grants # basis of merit
• grants = political purposes
• Audit found that >60% of applications approved by the govt did NOT meet Sports Australia’s target score.

Question 10

sports rorts-Sports Minister

Answer 10

• National Senator, Bridget McKenzie
• color-coded list based on political impact
• ignored recommendations of Sports Australia
• McKenzie + $36,000 grant to shooting club she was a member of (Wangaratta)
• Feb 2020 McKenzie resigned from the Ministry

Question 11

impact of sports rorts on strength of Australian democracy

Answer 11

*Shows favoritism within allocation of funding and ministers decisions
*questions whether they actually follow rule based order
*potential abuse of power
*lack of ethical conduct with system
*result in less trust from ppl in sensible decision making

Question 12

functioning of government (Traits identified by The Economist Democracy index)

Answer 12

• popular trust in democratic institutions
• integrity
• transparency
• accountability
• citizens feel they have control over government

Question 13

political culture

Answer 13

• degree of support in general for democracy
• pluralism
• societal consensus and cohesion to support a stable, functioning democracy
• perception that democracy benefits economic performance
• trust in government and the democratic institutions
• civil rights
• participation

Question 14

features of international rules- based order

Answer 14

treaties
world bank
International monetary fund
trade agreemensts
UN-(UNSC,UNGA,ICJ)
regional security agreements (NATO,AUKUS,EU)
ICC
world trade organization

Question 15

overview of democratic peace theory

Answer 15

Democratic states are less likely to go to war against each other. Therefore democracy should be used in other countries but difficult to implement because requires educated people, free media, and stable economy which takes time to develop

Question 15

populism as challenge example Nigel Farage

Answer 15

Farage campaign on migrant crisis and terrorists attacks in Paris and Brussels cited was as evidence of Need for UK to go it alone

During leaderUKIP captured more than 27% of popular vote in European parliament 2014 elections by appealing to euroskeptism—> supported brexit

Reform UK 2024 Manifesto contains conservative views regarding climate reforms, immigration, and the economy

Aligns himself with the rest

Reform UK party appeals to elderly individuals in low associate economic areas

Question 16

populism as challenge example Donald Trump

Answer 16

Critical of Democratic institutions and establishments -Storm of the capital on January the 6th

Anti globalisation - scrapped 1992 nafta and renegotiated trade deals with Mexico Canada and South Korea→ want independent America

aligns himself with the rest-Tax bill cuts during trump’s office addresses economic discontent and further helps identify with the working class

Anti immigration-Building Mexican reducing immigration intake from 108,000 to 24,000 between 2016 and 2019

patriotic and nationalism- during rallies to relate to minority of Americans pushes traditional American values “make America great again”

“The people are right and the governing elites are wrong” Wall Street Journal 2016

Opposes progressive policies- withdrawal from 2015 Paris climate agreement and removal of 79 environmental rules

Question 17

Israel V Palestine challenging rule based order

Answer 17

warrants by independent international organizations (ICC) ignored by Benjamin Netanyahu

states divided on conflict international bcs prioritizing security of Israel over practiced norms regarding human rights

The failure to resolve the conflict peacefully can lead to a perception that the international community is unable to enforce norms of conflict resolution.

Question 18

why is the conflict in Gaza a threat to rule based order

Answer 18

Undermines international RBO values in HR + hypocrisy when Ally of West hospitals bombed by Russia they hold Russia to account but when Israel bombs Palestinian hospital opposite reaction

impacting internal democracy. people leaning towards supporting Palestine which impacts voting based on current government decisions

continue to fund Israel in bombing Gaza

Question 19

Problems with the International systems

Answer 19

UNSC- 5 veto used for self-interest eg.) Russia vetoing inspections of North Korea nuclear laboratory because of arms provision

no enforcement mechanism for international courts

ICJ jurisdiction limited to genocide convention otherwise civil court to deal with between states disputes

ICC- US Russia China India Israel not members therefore decreases jurisdiction

Question 20

attempts to up hold international rule based order

Answer 20

ICJ- order Russia to halt invasion/ January 2024 agreed South Africa case V Israel for genocide was plausible> interim order for Israel to increase humanitarian aid+ prevent soldiers from committing acts of genocide

ICC issue warrants for Russia; individual Putin for deportation of children which limits travel but unlikely to be able to arrest

issued warrants for both Israel and Hamas> met with sanctions on ICC + limits travel but unlikely to arrest
in both cases potential for reputational damage

Question 22

UN israel v palestine

Answer 22

Israel blockade —-> humanitarian crisis in gaza strip

• 15 Nov UN SC Resolution 2712 - called for humanitarian pauses and corridors (abstained by US, UK and Russia)
• Brief truce b/w 24 Nov and 1 Dec
• 22 Dec 2023 - UNSC Resolution 2720 - called for increased aid for Gaza and opening of international borders for aid (US and Russia abstained)
• 25 March 2024 - UNSC passed a resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire for the rest of Ramadan
  (US abstained)

Question 23

cosmopolitanism

Answer 23

Cosmopolitanism - the idea that all human beings are members of a single moral community

priorities cooperation to reach common goals and meet challenges faced by the global community

Question 24

liberalism

Answer 24

Liberalism - global cooperation is possible if coordinated and promoted by international Institution drive by the values of rule of law, liberal democracy, human rights, justice, equality, minimally regulated capitalism, free trade and collective security

Question 25

realism

Answer 25

Realism - the idea that global actors priorities their own interests over the needs of others, often seeking to maximise their own power to safeguard their own survival