global democracy

Question 1

democratic principles

Answer 1

• elections
• Plurality
• Accountability
• Transparency
• Rule of law
• Participation
• Equality - political and legal
• Checks on government power
• Respect for sovereignty
• Human Rights and Freedoms
• Political Culture/Functioning Govt

Question 2

link between democracy and peace

Answer 2

• democracies less likely to invade another state
• b/c democracies respond to views of
  population
• ppl generally prefer peace
• assume other democracies also prefer peace
• force = last resort

Question 3

rules based international order

Answer 3

• developed post WWII & creation of UN
• structured relationships, expectations + behaviours b/w states
• liberal democracy
• United Nations maintain international peace and security promote international eco/social co-op respect for human rights
• United Nations General Assembly
• United Nations Security Council
• International Court of Justice
• International Criminal Court
• International Monetary Fund
• World Trade Organisation

Question 4

multi-lateral organization NATO decisions

Answer 4

A “NATO decision” is the expression of the collective will of all 32 member countries since all decisions are taken by consensus

Question 5

multi-lateral organization AUKUS

Answer 5

Background -‘AUKUS’
* Sep 2021, tripartite deal: Australia, UK & US
* creation of trilateral security partnership
* security and defence

Submarine Deal
* Aust - acquire fleet up to 8 nuclear-powered submarines
* forecast cost: up to $368bn b/w now mid-2050s
* Aust will spend $9bn over the next four years

Question 6

challenges to democracy

Answer 6

Authoritarianism

Illiberalism

Media Misinformation/Disinformation

Cyber Interference

Perceived Western Cultural Bias

Problems With Rules-Based International Order

Populism

Question 7

link between democracy and peace-International Human Rights Laws

Answer 7

• democracies - protect human rights globally
• UN Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

Question 8

multi-lateral organization NATO military

Answer 8

if diplomatic efforts fail, military power to undertake ‘crisis-management operations’ collective defence clause Article 5 of the Washington Treaty

Also, acts under UN mandate, alone or in cooperation with other countries and international organisations

Question 9

multi-lateral organization NATO security

Answer 9

Security
NATO’s purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means

Question 10

multi-lateral organization NATO political

Answer 10

Political
members consult/cooperate on defence and security-related issues to solve problems, build trust and, in the long run, prevent conflict