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Aboriginal Studies > Global perspectives > Flashcards

Global perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

citizenship rights

A

relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection

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2
Q

civil rights

A

necessary for individual freedom e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of movement, the right to own property

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3
Q

land rights

A

The struggle for Indigenous people for the legal and moral recognition of prior land ownership and associated rights.

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4
Q

Sovereignty

A

The legal recognition of ownership of land and territory. Implicit in the concept is the right to self-government.

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5
Q

treaty rights of Indigenous peoples

A

Article 37:Indigenous peoples have the right to recognize, enforce, and respect Treaties, Agreements, and Constructive Arrangements.

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6
Q

What are international declarations, agreements and covenants that address Indigenous human rights and social justice

A
  • United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
  • United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • Universal Declaration on Human Rights
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7
Q

What issues does United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigneous Issues
address

A

Economic
Social
Developmental
Cultural
Environment
Education
Health

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8
Q

Indicators of socioeconomic status (social)

A

education level
- health
- contact with the criminal justice system
-employment/unemployment level
- a type of occupation/job
- housing
- access to services water, sewerage etc.

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9
Q

indicators of socioeconomic status (economic)

A
  • income, salary, wages
  • level of dependency on welfare payments
  • home ownership
  • asset level.
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10
Q

What is the average income for Canada’s Aboriginal people vs non _Indigenous people

A

Average income in 2015 for Canada’s total non-Indigenous population was $46,449,

The average income for the total Indigenous population was $36,748

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11
Q

Education level Canada

A
  • 29 % of the non-Indigenous population between 25 and 64 years of age had attained a university degree by 2016 -11 % of Indigenous people had achieved this level of education
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12
Q

Housing in Canada

A

In 2016, the proportion of Indigenous dwellings requiring major repairs was 19%,
Compared to 6% for the non-Indigenous population.

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13
Q

2 international documents address Indigenous human rights and social justice

A

1)United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

2)United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

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14
Q

Employment: General population vs Indigenous peoples

A

Employment was at 81.6 %for the non-Indigenous population compared to 65.8% for the total Indigenous population

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15
Q

Health- Indigenous Australians (smoking)

A

In 2016 44% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 and over described themselves as current smoker

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16
Q

Health- Indigenous Australians (smoking)

A

Smoking rates for Indigenous peoples is 2.6x higher than it is for non-Indigenous people

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17
Q

Health- Indigenous Australians (mortality rates)

A

80% of the mortality gap between Indigenous and other Australians aged 35–74 years is due to chronic diseases

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18
Q

Health- Indigenous Australians (babies)

A

In 2020 11% of live-born singleton babies were an unhealthy birthweight in comparison to 6% of non-Indigenous babies

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19
Q

Health- Indigenous Australians (suicide rates)

A

suicide among Indigenous Australians is twice the rate of non-Indigenous Australians

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20
Q

Employment- Indigenous Australians

A

10% of the Indigenous population aged 15-64 are unemployed compared to 4% of the non-Indigenous population

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21
Q

Menindee- Education

A

3.4% Indigenous population completed bachelor degree level and above compared to 8.7% of the general population.

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22
Q

Effects of racism on social justice and human rights

A
  • High incarceration
    -Reduces self-esteem ad confidence
  • Employment opportunities
    -Reduces identity as an Australian/ Canada
  • Feeling unaccepted by non–Indigenous population
    -Institutional racism
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23
Q

Manifestations of racism

A
  • Individual
  • Overt
    -Covert
  • Institutional
  • Cultural
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24
Q

Definition of Individual racism

A

When racist beliefs are displayed one-on-one

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25
Q

Definition of overt racism

A

When the racism is visible and obvious. It might be direct behavior or discriminatory acts – it is easy to detect.

26
Q

Definition of covert racism

A

When racism is concealed. Subtle racially discriminatory acts – easily hidden

27
Q

Definition of institutionalised racism

A

Building racist beliefs or values into the operations of social institutions to discriminate against, control and oppress various minority groups.

28
Q

Definition of cultural racism

A

Can be over/covert

29
Q

Australian government initiatives addressing racism

A
  • Racism No Way
  • Racism It Stops with me
30
Q

Canadian government initiatives addressing racism

A

The Anti-Racism Action Program

31
Q

Aboriginal initiatives to improve their legal and political status

A
  • NAIDOC Week
  • Aboriginal Tent embassy
    -AIATSIS
32
Q

Government policies, legislation and inquiries on improving social justice and human rights of Aboriginals

A
  • Northern Territory Intervention
  • Native title Act
  • Closing the Gap
33
Q

What section of the constitution allowed the government to exclude Australian Indigenous people

A

Section 51

34
Q

Human Rights

A

Human rights are those possessed by individuals. They are universal (possessed by all human beings) and are inalienable (they cannot be overridden by public interest).

35
Q

Social Justice

A

A principle that favours measures aimed at addressing inequities. It includes the rights of people to economic and social independence, and empowerment to determine the direction of their own lives’ futures. The processes and systems which shape the interaction between people, communities and governments determine the degree of social justice achieved.

36
Q

International Declaration

A

Not legally enforceable, but carries significant political weight

37
Q

International Agreement

A
  • Not all are legally binding
    -Can be treaties, protocols, memoranda of understanding (MOUs) or exchanges of letters.
    -Some may have legally binding elements
38
Q

International Covenant

A

-Formal and legally binding agreement between two or more sovereign states or international organisations.
-Governed by international law
-Typically require ratification

39
Q

What countries were against signing UNDRIP

A

Australia, Canada, New Zealand America

40
Q

Insitutional racism-over policing

A
  • Aboriginal children are 18 times more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be targeted by police on a secret watchlist
41
Q

Impact of the NSW Police Suspect Target Management Program

A
  • violation of the right to not be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile
  • Greater chance of children being put into the Cj system
42
Q

Impact Northern Territory Intervention

A
  • 50% of welfare payments spent on essentials
  • Alcohol bans
  • Punishing families if students don’t go to school
43
Q

How did excluding Aboriginal people from the constitution impact human rights

A

-Violating citizenship/political rights

44
Q

How did the Stolen Generations/ Canadian residential schools impact HR

A

-Freedom of movement and residence
- Freedom of religion

45
Q

How did segregation of swimming pools impact HR

A

Right to leisure

46
Q

Institutionalised Health Care

A
  • Unequal payment of doctors who treat Aboriginal patients ($100,000 less)

-Underfunding of Aboriginal Health Services

47
Q

One off Indigenous response to improve legal and political status

A
  • Wave Hill Walk Off
48
Q

Yearly Indigenous response to improve legal and political status

A

National Sorry Day

49
Q

Aims of National Sorry Day

A
  • Acknowledges the strength and struggle of the Stolen Generations
50
Q

Impact of National Sorry Day

A
  • National Sorry Day aims to enable people to address their personal distress, overcome trauma, and live well.
    -It hopes to address the significant burden of health, wellbeing, and social and economic deficits inflicted by the Stolen Generations.
51
Q

Ongoing Indigenous response to improve legal and political status

A

Aboriginal Legal Service

52
Q

Aims of the Aboriginal Legal Service

A
  • Work to deliver quality and culturally appropriate legal services for Indigenous peoples
    -Social justice and equity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, families and communities
53
Q

Impact of the Aboriginal Legal Service

A

-Deliver free, culturally appropriate legal advice, representation, information and referrals for thousands of people each year.
-Ensuring Indigenous people are properly represented

54
Q

Example of International initiatives to improve social and political status

A

Canada creation of Nunavut

55
Q

Aims of the creation of Nunavut

A

-Inuit People negotiated, organised, petitioned and protested for the right to create Nunavut
-For Inuit people to assert their right of self government within the Canadian system

56
Q

Impact of the creation of Nunavut

A
  • To exercise their legal and political wishes.
57
Q

Government policies, legislation and inquiries on improving the social justice and human rights of Aboriginal and other Indigenous peoples

A

-Closing the Gap
-2007 Northern Territory Intervention

58
Q

Candian government policies, legislation and inquiries on improving the social justice and human rights of Aboriginal and other Indigenous peoples

A

The Anti-Racism Action Program

59
Q

Aims of the Anti-Racism Action Program

A
  • Intended to help address barriers to employment, justice and social participation among Indigenous Peoples, racialized communities and religious minorities.
60
Q

Aboriginal responses and initiatives to improve their legal and political status, including political struggle and protest

A

Aboriginal Studies (5 decks)

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