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Finals Exam > Global Issues > Flashcards

Global Issues Flashcards

1
Q

These types of societies are small, pre-modern ones that are held together by beliefs, values, and emotional ties.

A

Mechanical Societies

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2
Q

These types of societies are large and complex. They have an extensive division of labor, and specialized tasks, and are held together by the interdependence of specialized individuals.

A

Organic Societies

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3
Q

According to the author of the textbook, globalization in the prehistoric hunter/gatherer period was severely limited. Advanced forms of technology capable of overcoming existing geographical and social obstacles were largely absent. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

This type of authority is based on laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader.

A

Legal Rational Authority

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5
Q

This type of authority is based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader.

A

Charismatic Authority

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6
Q

This type of authority is based on custom, birthright, or divine right.

A

Traditional Authority

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7
Q

During this era, people lived a nomadic type of lifestyle gathering in bands with a focus on the well-being of the whole group. Resources were shared and regulated by complex systems of obligations to the group.

A

Hunter-Gatherer Era

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8
Q

During this era, people began to raise crops for food, using technological advances (e.g., plows, irrigation); to create permanent settlements, and some food surpluses began to arise.

A

Agricultural-Agrarian

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9
Q

During this era, the population concentrated in cities, factory work exploded, kinship patterns changed; people began having smaller families and the world saw the expansion of macro-level institutions and social changes in societies.

A

Industrial Revolution Era

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10
Q

People subsist through the cultivation of plants for food consumption without the use of mechanized tools or the use of animals to pull plows.

A

Herding/Horticultural Era

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11
Q

Globalization was greatly enhanced by which of the following concepts?

A

the wheel, ideas and inventions, & writing

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12
Q

Written in 1847 by the German political radicals _________________________ and Friedrich Engels, a passage taken from their famous Communist Manifesto captures the enormous qualitative shift in social relations that kicked globalization into a higher gear.

A

Karl Marx

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13
Q

Signifies a social condition characterized by tight global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that challenge most of the currently existing borders and boundaries.

A

globality

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14
Q

This concept refers to people’s growing consciousness of the world as a single whole, but it does not mean that nation and locality have lost their power to provide people with a sense of home and identity.

A

global imaginary

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15
Q

These new political ideologies articulate the overarching global imaginary into concrete policy agendas and political programmes.

A

globalism

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16
Q

Spatial concept referring to a set of social processes that is transforming our present social condition of conventional nationality into one of globality.

A

globalization

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17
Q

This is the oldest form of globalization and it involves the movement of people across the globe for various reasons…. These may include refugees, travelers, entrepreneurs, temporary workers, as well as, tourists.

A

Embodied Globalization

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18
Q

Innovations in transportation were complemented by the swift development of communication technologies that served as the incubators of today’s __________________________ globalization.

A

Disembodied Globalization

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19
Q

________________________ characterized by the extension of social relationships through the movement of immaterial things and processes, including words, images, electronic texts, and encoded capital

A

Disembodied Globalization

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20
Q

Embodied Globalization

A

people (tourists, immigrants, refugees)

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21
Q

Objectified Globalization

A

things (goods, gases, viruses)

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22
Q

Institutional globalization

A

Organizations (empires, states, military, churches)

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23
Q

This type of globalization refers to the intensification and stretching of economic connections across the globe.

A

Economic Globalization

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24
Q

The acronym TNC stands for which of the following phrases?

A

Transnational Corporations

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25
Q

Contemporary economic globalization can be traced back to the emergence of a new international economic order assembled at a watershed economic conference held towards the end of the Second World War in the sleepy New England town of ______________________.

A

Bretton Woods

26
Q

Which of the following concepts is one of the 3 main international economic organizations that was established by the Bretton Woods Regime when they convened after World War II?

A

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

27
Q

What two countries led the Bretton Woods regime (BWR)?

A

The United States and Great Britain

28
Q

For what purpose(s) was the International Bank for Reconstruction originally established?

A

to provide loans for Europe’s postwar reconstruction

29
Q

The BWR took a severe blow when US President Richard Nixon _______________

A

abandoned the gold standard

30
Q

_________________ is rooted in the classical liberal ideals of Adam Smith and David Ricardo (. These British thinkers viewed the market as a self-regulating mechanism tending towards equilibrium of supply and demand.

A

Neoliberalism

31
Q

Which of the following ideas are promoted by British thinkers Adam Smith’s and David Ricardo’s classical liberal ideas?

A

Privatization of public enterprises
Deregulation of the economy
Massive tax cuts.

32
Q

Critics of Neoliberalism think it fails to?

A

account for structural forms of violence such as systemic poverty, racism, and other forms of discrimination

33
Q

Which sentence below best describes the meaning of economic globalization?

A

Refers to the stretching of economic connections across the globe

34
Q

What are the characteristics that make a company a transnational company?

A

It’s a company that operates (buys/sells) in nations around the world

35
Q

The acronym QR actually stands for which of the following, and was invented by whom in 1994?

A

Quick Response/Denso Wave

36
Q

According to the author of the textbook, globalization in the prehistoric hunter/gatherer period was severely limited. Advanced forms of technology capable of overcoming existing geographical and social obstacles were largely absent.

A

True

37
Q

Anti-globalization critics argue?

A

corporations are more free to destroy rainforests
corporations are freer to outsource work to others countries to pay lower wages for the workers
corporations are freer to infringe on other people territories (such as mass commercial fishing destroying local economies)

38
Q

The areas in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, north-central China, North Africa, north-western India, and New Guinea were essential in the process of globalization due to their?

A

idealness for growing agricultural settlements

39
Q

Which of the following ideas are promoted by British thinkers Adam Smith’s and David Ricardo’s classical liberal ideas?

A

Privatization of public enterprises
Deregulation of the economy
Massive Tax Cuts

40
Q

Advocates of Globalization contend that it?

A

benefits for the whole world by enabling the global economy to work more efficiently

41
Q

Anti-globalization activists would argue that?

A

demolishes the sovereignty of states
funnels resources from poor nations to rich nations
accelerates damage to the environment

42
Q

Society represents the ___________________________________, or the structures that organize group life.

A

hardware

43
Q

Culture represents the _________________________ or the ideas and material objects that provide meanings and guidelines for living

A

software

44
Q

Societies are composed of which of the following components?

A

positions people hold
groups we belong to
institutions we participate in

45
Q

__________________ is the term that includes all of the objects we can see or touch that humans make; the artifacts of a group of people.

A

material culture

46
Q

_________ invisible or intangible aspects of a group’s culture, including its values, beliefs, norms or rules, and language

A

non- material culture

47
Q

___________ are shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, good or bad. These express the basic ideas of a culture and may become a “creed” if they gain the power of religious doctrine.

A

values

48
Q

_______ is the use of symbols to convey meaning, objects, or ideas and is the foundation of every culture. It takes on three forms spoken, written and nonverbal.

A

language

49
Q

In ___________________________________ sounds symbolize objects or ideas, and have similar meanings for all members of culture.

A

spoken language

50
Q

___________ includes the Images that symbolize objects or ideas, and this allows societies to store information for future use. It also enables communication over distances.

A

written language

51
Q

A ______________________________________ is the culture of a group smaller than a nation but large enough to sustain people through their lifespan. It combines its own unique elements with those of the dominant culture and plays a continuous role in members’ lives. Members believe in the rightness of this group, and have sense of “we,” as opposed to “they” (outsiders).

A

sub- culture

52
Q

This social theory focuses on how we learn to share the meanings of symbols, the basic elements of culture. It implies that “humanness” comes from our ability to influence each other using symbols with shared understandings.

A

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

53
Q

Kayla has made a new friend in college who is from a culture different than her own. Her new friend Hua invites her on a vacation to her parents’ home for the week of January 21-27 to celebrate the Chinese New Year. Kayla agrees to go and although the food and customs are strange to her, she embraces the change and looks at this as a wonderful cultural experience. This is an example of what concept in action?

A

Cultural Relativism

54
Q

Karl Marx was the founder of this social theory and also made many other significant contributions to society in his time.

A

Social Conflict Theory

55
Q

This social theory deems that society is composed of interdependent parts, each fulfilling a necessary function. The function of cultural norms, values, and beliefs is to hold the group together; however, sometimes norms, values, and beliefs are dysfunctional for individuals or groups within a society

A

Structural Functional Theory

56
Q

When you see a bald eagle, you think of freedom and the United States of America. When you see the word ‘DOG” an image and feeling of some sort come to your mind. If you’ve had positive experiences with dogs, you are likely to associate the word ‘DOG’ with a good mental image; however, if you’ve ever been bitten or severely scared by a dog, you might have a different image that pops into your mind. Both of these scenarios are examples of the ___________________________________ Theory in action.

A

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

57
Q

This theory was originally proposed in the 1800s by French Sociologist Emile Durkheim; however, later in history was credited to another American Sociologist by the name of Talcott Parson’s as he attempted to develop a more, modern dynamic of social systems.

A

Structural Functional Theory

58
Q

The premises of this social theory are as follows:
Society is composed of conflicting groups, each trying to protect its own self-interests and to make its own culture dominant
Dominant groups may impose their cultural beliefs on minorities and other groups, laying the groundwork for conflict
However, dominant groups may manipulate institutions, so others learn beliefs & values that justify their power, thus reducing conflict and securing their status

A

Social Conflict Theory

59
Q

This concept says that a diverse workplace better understands diverse markets, thereby stimulating innovations.

A

Cultural Relativism

60
Q

For the most part, ethnocentrism is viewed as a negative concept, however, there are times that it might be viewed as positive. Which one(s) of the examples below show it as being a positive concept?

A

Loyalty within one’s own social group or religion
Rooting for your own country during World Olympics
National Pride

61
Q

Which of the following is not an example of ethnocentrism?

A

respecting others cultural differences

Finals Exam (3 decks)

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