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Geography > Global Issues > Flashcards

Global Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Desertification

A

When productive land becomes a desert.

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2
Q

Characteristics of desertification

A

Absence of surface water
Dried up watercourses and ponds
Lowering of the water table
Vegetation becomes degraded or completely lost

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3
Q

Watercourses

A

River Systems

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4
Q

Deforestation

A

the cutting down of trees

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5
Q

Clear Felling

A

when all the trees in an area are removed.

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6
Q

Selective Felling

A

when only the best trees are cut (some are left).

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7
Q

Natural Causes For Deforestation

A

Less Rainfall → Bare Soil → Increased Water Flow Overland → Water Table Lowered → Few Plants Grow and Little Plants Grow

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8
Q

Human Causes For Desertification:

A

Population Growth Migration Overgrazin Over-Cultivation

Deforestation

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9
Q

Reasons For Deforestation:

A

Urbanization Illegal logging Agricultural activities

Paper Livestock ranching The Revenue Earned From Selling timber helps pay off debts and to fund economic development

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10
Q

Causes of globalisation:

A

Growth of TNCs, liberalisation of trade (taking down trade barriers), transport developments and improvements in ICT.

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11
Q

Supply chain

A

When a good/service is created across many different nations.

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12
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

Ensures that currencies and economies are stable - protects global financial stability.

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13
Q

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

A

Created multilateral trade agreements and enforce trade rules.

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14
Q

World Bank

A

Provide development aid to poorer nations.

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15
Q

NGOs

A

Charities. e.g. Oxfam, Doctors without borders.

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16
Q

Transnational Corporation (TNC)

A

Companies which operate across international borders.

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17
Q

Factors affecting population:

A

Birth rates, death rates, migration.

18
Q

Voluntary migration

A

When a person chooses to leave their country out of their own free will. Usually economic in nature.

19
Q

Forced migration.

A

When a person is forced to leave their home country.

20
Q

Circulation

A

When a person travels abroad for a temporary period .

21
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

An effort to force an entire group of people out of a country.

22
Q

Refugee

A

A forcibly displaced person who is currently residing in a country other than their nationality.

23
Q

Asylum seeker

A

A refugee who has applied to become a citizen of another country.

24
Q

Returnee

A

A forcibly displaced person who has returned to their initial; place of residency.

25
Q

Internally displaced person (IDP)

A

A person forced to flee but who has not crossed an international border.

26
Q

How many forcibly displaced persons were there in 2015

A

65 million.

27
Q

Negative effects of globalisation:

A

TNCs may exploit workers, environmental exploitatiom.

28
Q

Causes of the tourism explosion:

A
  1. Economic developemnt. 2. Advancements in communication and transport. 3. Politics (easing border restrictions). 4. Work/life balance changes (people have more lesiure time than they used to)
29
Q

Economic impacts of tourism:

A
  1. Increase in revenues and economic activity in host country. 2. Effects then multiplied throughout the economy. 3. Profits often remitted back to developed countries.
30
Q

Social/cultural impacts of tourism:

A
  1. Tourism can help cultural practices by providing a commercial incentive. 2. However, tourists often infringe on cultural boundaries/violate social norms
31
Q

Environmental impacts of tourism:

A

Deforestation and other environmental may be caused when governments/businesses try to accomodate tourists in hotels, resorts etc.

32
Q

Geopolitics

A

The study of the economic and political relationships between nations with reference to their geography.

33
Q

Examples of geographical factors influencing economic and political relationships:

A
  1. Distance. 2. Climate change. 3. Resources.
34
Q

Important aspects of geopolitics:

A
  1. Trade. 2. Migration. 3. Tourism.
35
Q

Examples of regional free trade agreements:

A

USMCA (US, Canada and Mexico). EU (most European nations). ASEAN.

36
Q

Types of development

A

Economic (most important), demographic, social, cultural, political, and environmental.

37
Q

Forces behind economic development

A

Natural resources, internal boosters, external boosters.

38
Q

Human welfare/quality of life

A

The general condition of a population or society.

39
Q

Factors of the quality of life (4)

A

Economic, social, physical, psychological. (give one example of each for extra marks).

40
Q

Types of resources

A

Natural resources, Human resources.

41
Q

Natural Resources

A

Natural resources are resources that are provided by the physical environment.

42
Q

Human Resources

A

Human Resources are resources are provided or invented by humans.

Geography (3 decks)

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