Global Inequalities

Question 1

Global North

Answer 1

Regions of Europe and North America, with some exceptions, characterized as high-income and usually politically more stable

Question 2

Global South

Answer 2

Regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, characterized, with some exceptions, as low-income and often politically or culturally marginalized

Question 3

Globalization

Answer 3

The process of increased international influence, resulting in a homogeneity of economy, ideology, etc. across the globe

Question 4

Innovation

Answer 4

Process where individuals or corporations devise and adopt new technologies or practices through the process of R&D

Question 5

Global Civil Society

Answer 5

Large-scale interconnected groups operating across borders and outside the control of the state

Question 6

Neo-Liberalism

Answer 6

A social, economic, and political philosophy that favours the deregulation of economic markets to establish the goal of “free markets”

Question 7

Modernity

Answer 7

An era in Western Europe beginning at the end of the medieval age ~1500 to present, associated with the increased influence of rationalism, individualization, secularism, democracy, and capitalism

Question 8

Colonialism

Answer 8

Establishment by high-income countries of formal political control over lower-income areas; usually accompanied with exploitation of local people and resources

Question 9

Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)

Answer 9

Countries whose economies are between those of developed and developing economies

Question 10

Global City

Answer 10

A city with significant influence or impact in global affairs deriving from acting as a central locale for economic markets, innovation, production, or diplomacy

Question 11

Core States

Answer 11

Industrialized, wealthy, and powerful states that control or manipulate semi-peripheral and peripheral states

Question 12

Peripheral States

Answer 12

States that are lower income and less able to exert political influence internationally; usually subject to manipulation or control by core states

Question 13

Semi-peripheral State

Answer 13

In between core and peripheral

Question 14

Cosmopolitans

Answer 14

People working in development who advocate for universal human rights that can help orient national and local legislation and policy

Question 15

Communitarians

Answer 15

People who reject the notion that human rights apply universally to all communities, and argue that human rights are instead established through membership in specific communities

Question 16

Human Capital

Answer 16

A measure of formal education and learning, including credentials; a skill/skillset that enhances a worker’s value on the job; usually, the result of foregone income and a long-term investment in personal improvement

Question 17

Materialization

Answer 17

The ceremonies, symbolic objects, monuments and writing systems that hasten the spread of an ideology and power relations in the larger population, in the context of national or global culture

Question 18

Knowledge translation

Answer 18

The process by which the knowledge, values, and cultures of one culture are adapted to fit local thoughts and beliefs rather than the transferred directly without any change

Question 19

Neo-colonialism

Answer 19

A concept related to colonialism, when, despite political decolonization, the global North societies that once controlled many parts of the world continue to dominate the production and marketing of goods, culture, and language in their former colonies, thereby retaining their historical influence