Global Health Flashcards
What is the goal of population health?
- Improve the health of the overall population
- Reduce health inequities
what is equality vs equity?
Equality means that everyone gets the same thing
Equity is when that thing is adjusted according to other factors (i.e., the smallest person gets the largest block)
what is mortality vs morbidity?
Mortality is the nb of deaths caused by a specific illness
Morbidity refers to having that specific illness
what are some inequities around the world? (2)
- Infant and maternal mortality
- Life expectancy
what are some inequities in Canada? (3)
- Lower education
- Lower income
- Aboriginal identity
what are the elements of the continuum of strategies (from downstream/proximal to upstream/distal)?
- patient level: diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation
- high risk groups: primary, secondary, tertiary prevention
- general population: health promotion (Ottawa Charter)
- general population: actions on the social determinants of health
interventions act on __ to better the ___
causes; outcomes
what is a risk factor? is it downstream/upstream? give examples
- something that is associated with health-related condition(s)
- downstream and proximal
- behaviour, lifestyle, environmental exposure or inherited characteristic
- i.e., smoking
what is a determinant? is it downstream/upstream? give examples
- range of social, economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations
- upstream and distal
- income, social status, social support, education, etc.
social causes of determinants of health are often ____ problems. give examples
structural
i.e., poverty, lack of education, housing, etc.
The primary determinants of disease are ___ and ___, so remedies must also be ___ and ___
economic; social; economic; social
Creating ______ is needed to make the healthy choices easy
supportive environments
why do we want to create supportive environments? (2)
- Want to move away from blaming the victim for their unhealthy choices (proximal/downstream)
- Unhealthy choices are a product of an unhealthy living environment (distal/upstream)
(distal/upstream / proximal/downstream):
By changing the environment (______), we enable individuals to make healthier choices (______)
distal/upstream; proximal/downstream
what is the who definition of health (positive)?
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
what is the negative definition of health?
absence of disease
what are the terms for “disease” and what do they mean at the bio, psycho, and social levels?
- BIO: “disease”, physiological dysfunction
- PSYCHO: “illness”, subjective perception
- SOCIAL: “sickness”, unable to fulfill social role
what are the terms for “disability” and what do they mean at the bio, psycho, and social levels?
- BIO: “impairment”, loss of body function
- PSYCHO: “disability”, restricted activity
- SOCIAL: “handicap”, disadvantage in social role
how does the medicine wheel depict health’s multidimensionality?
includes physical, mental, emotional, spiritual health
what is public health?
prevention of disease, prolonging of life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society
how do we ensure good public health? (5 steps)
- evaluate outcomes
- needs assessment
- priority setting
- understanding causes
- select and implement interventions
what are the 3 indigenous groups in Canada?
- first nations
- inuit
- métis
describe First Nations (2)
- “North American Indian”, “Indian”, “Native American”
- Biggest portion of our indigenous population
describe Inuit (3)
- “The People”
- Live in Nunavik, Nunatsiavut (Labrador), Inuvialuit Settlement Region (NWT) and Nunavut
- One person of Inuit descent = “Inuk”