Global Health Flashcards
4 reasons we think about global health
- Disease does not respect boundaries
- Communicable disease! Does not respect boundaries
- Ethical dimension of the health and well-being of other people
- Diseases that have disparities that have disparities between high/low income; disease that causes significant death that is not necessary
- Health is linked to economic and social well-being in a small world
- Diseases that occur in low income/regions that are impoverished
- Health and well-being of people affects global security and freedom
- Diseases/probs/issues in unstable parts of the world
- Skolnik, 2016
Questions to understand the importance of global health
- How many of you noted communicable diseases as concerns in global health?
- How many of you noted diseases that have clear disparities for low income countries? How many noted diseases that cause significant death and/or human suffering?
- How many of you noted diseases that occur predominantly in countries that are low income or impoverished?
- How many of you noted diseases or problems that occur in unstable parts of the world?
Globalization
- Process of increasing social and economic dependence and integration as capital, goods, persons, concepts, images, ideas, and values cross state boundaries
- Process of growing interdependence that represents a fundamental change from a world for individual and independent states to a world of state interdependence
o WHO - Inextricably linked to benefits and challenges of our time no getting around this
4 key processes of Globalization
- Changes in distribution of income
- What economies are flourishing now that weren’t in the past?
- Changes in production processes
- When and how work is done and by whom
- eICUs, physicians who are responding may not be at that location
- Liberalization of trade as world becomes smaller and more interdependent
- Dissemination of technology how easily can we get this?
- Dissemination of harmful products how easily can we get this?
- Reshaping of nation-states
- Changes leadership and regulatory abilities
- Influences of social media on revolutions
- Historically money is in the hands of the government, but not with cryptocurrency money is out of the government’s hands
- Distribution of income – What economies are flourishing now?
- Changes in production processes – How is work done? Where are things manufactured? Who does work?
- Liberalization of trade – How easy is it to access technology? Information? Harmful products?
- Reshaping of nation-states – Consider the influence of social media on movements around the world.
Positive effects of globalization
o Promotion of economic growth
o Greater employment or entry into the workforce for some segments of the population
o Positive environmental effects (improved sanitation and safer water supplies) in parts of the world where it was not available
o Greater financial prosperity and health for some
o Rapid dissemination of health innovations and information
o Development of global standards related to health (food safety standards and immunizations)
o Changes in views of population health from a nation-specific perspective to a subgroup perspective across national boundaries (refugees are treated across boundaries compared to members of an individual state)
o Positive effects of geoculture development (improved education and autonomy for women around the globe)
Negative effects of globalization
o Increasing inequities between and within groups
o Job loss for some segments of the population will be positive in some places, both others will hurt
o Negative environmental effects (environmental degradation and increased resource consumption with spreading ideas and consumerism )
o Creation of unhealthful working conditions (consider-where is most of our stuff manufactured? What are working conditions in those places? If its cheaper to make it in China, the people are making less money and working in more unsafe situations)
o Marketing of unhealthful products (tobacco and fast food)
o Lack of access to available health innovations (antiretrovirals and immunizations)
o Difficulty in keeping up with new developments and potential for information overload as we keeping pumping out new information and techniques
o A shift away from the focus on social justice to a emphasis on market economies and efficiency
We are shifting towards the ECONOMY in the global situation, which is a shift away from social justice
o Ease of spread of communicable disease
o Ease of illicit trade in harmful substances (drugs and human trafficking) things can cross across boarders easier
o Increased time needed for decision making to incorporate input from diverse groups
o Negative effects of geoculture development (dissemination of poor health habits – the world is gaining weight)
US interest in global health
- Protects the health of U.S. citizens at home and abroad
- Reduces poverty & strengthens political stability in developing countries
- Reduces the need for U.S. assistance
- Creates goodwill & good relationships with global neighbors people will LIKE us, and if they like us the yare less likely view us as a threat
o From CDC website: www.cdc.gov/globalhealth - Why is the US vested in health in the global context? Just getting for our benefit, health of our country
o If other economies become healthier we will spend less money - It is NOT because, “It’s the right thing to do.”
CDC Vision
o The CDC aspires to create a world where people – in the United States and around the globe – live healthier, safer, and longer lives.
CDC Mission
o Improve and protect the health, safety, and security of Americans while reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy (5)
Scientific expertise
Diverse partnerships
Sustainability
Innovation
Health Equity
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy - Scientific Expertise
o CDC serves as a leading source of credible scientific information, demonstrated record of trailblazing science, evidence-based decision-making and action, global reference laboratories for emerging and diseases of pandemic potential, and an experienced workforce that is comprised of experts in their fields. Our workforce is available to address the most urgent global public health threats.
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy - Diverse Partnerships
o CDC fosters health diplomacy in coordination with other U.S. Government agencies through its longstanding bilateral and multilateral partnerships, engagement with the private sector, and ongoing collaborations with academic institutions and foundations. CDC maximizes the agency’s unique role while leveraging these diverse partnerships to achieve measurable health impact around the world.
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy - Sustainability
o CDC takes seriously its responsibility to be a good steward of resources by demonstrating impact on leading public health priorities, establishing and strengthening sustainable country, regional and international public health systems, reducing the economic impact of disease outbreaks globally, and building lasting capacity for countries to address current and future health needs.
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy - Innovation
o CDC leverages the latest technologies and advanced analytics to accelerate public health impact. CDC develops new medical countermeasures, diagnostics, laboratory and data platforms, and explores new ways to innovate across its global health portfolio by identifying unique models of collaboration and partnerships.
Pillars of CDC’s Global Health Strategy - Healthy Equity
o CDC helps to eliminate health disparities and achieve optimal health for all. CDC addresses health equity and reaches those in greatest need through its global programs, research, tools and resources, and leadership.
