Community Engaged Program Planning Flashcards
Nurse/Care Management Process in Community
• Assessment – Data Collection
• Diagnosis – Identifying Strengths and Problems
• Planning – Program Development
• Implementation
• Evaluation – Program Outcomes
_______ is the first step. This is when we gather data about the community, population, agency, or problem.
Assessment
This is the COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT from unit 1!!
Diagnosis
Should reflect existing, emerging, and potential threats to health, as well as strengths or competencies
• May reflect strengths
• May reflect needs or areas for improvement
Diagnosis Components
• Potential or adverse situation or “readiness”
• Identification of the group or population subgroup at risk
• Group factors or characteristics contributing to the risk
• Indicators that support the conclusion that an increased risk is present
This is VERY important. Notice how this looks a lot like the PES statements you make on your CM Process Tool.
Diagnosis Format
• Risk of (a specific problem or health risk in the community)
• Among (the specific group or population that is affected by the problem/risk)
• Related to (strengths and weaknesses in the community that influence the specific problem or health risk in the community)
• As evidenced by (data supporting risk)
Planning
• Prioritization
• Goals and Objectives
• Interventions – Program Development
Health Planning Model
• Aims to improve aggregate health
• Applies the nursing process to the larger aggregate
• Many different models:
• PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
• Logic Model
• CHANGE
Problem Prioritization
• Magnitude of the problem
• Seriousness of the consequences
• Feasibility of correcting the problem
• Community awareness of the problem
• Community motivation
• Nurse’s or team’s ability to influence problem solution
• Availability of expertise
• Severity of outcomes if problem is left unresolved
• Speed with which problem can be resolved
Goals
generally broad statements of desired outcomes
Objectives
precise statements indicating the means of achieving desired outcomes
2 types of Objectives
Process objectives
Outcome objectives
Process objectives
steps in the process to achieve goals
• By January 2014, identify and hire 3 community health workers
actually gathering materials for what you want to happen
Outcome objectives
steps in the outcomes to achieve goals
• By January 2015, increase percentage of population with BP at or below 120/80
what you want to happen
Goals are generally going to be the ________ of your identified problem or community diagnosis.
Opposite
Outcome or Process Objectives?
• By October 1st, 2019, the percentage of WIC infants who are exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age, will be greater than or equal to 20%.
Outcome objectives
Outcome or Process Objectives?
• Identify or develop and provide educational materials for LA Staff to use with participants for education, promotion and support of breastfeeding messages by February 2017.
Process objective
Outcome or Process Objectives?
• Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese by 2020
Outcome objectives
Outcome or Process Objectives?
• Increase the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals by 2020
Process objectives
• Objectives should follow the ________ format
SMART
• Specific
• Measurable
• Achievable
• Realistic
• Time sensitive
Interventions
• Interventions directly linked to diagnoses, goals, and objectives
• Should be supported by current literature on interventions that work (Evidence-based practice)
SHOULD BE SUPPORTED by the literature. Just as when you develop interventions with your client in the hospital, community interventions should have a basis or support in the literature.
Effective programs:
• Are comprehensive, flexible, responsive, and persevering.
• See children in the context of their family
• Incorporate families as part of neighborhoods
• Have a long-term prevention orientation, a clear mission, and continue to evolve over time
• Are well managed by competent and committed people with skills
• Have staff who are trained and supported to provide high quality, responsive services
• Operate in settings that encourage practitioners to build strong relationships of mutual trust and respect
Things to consider with interventions
• Determine the intervention focus – target audience
• Individual, community, systems
• Determine prevention level best suited to target problem or diagnosis
• Primary, secondary, tertiary
• Validate practicality of the planned intervention
PHN Role in Interventions
actions the PHNs take on behalf of individuals, families, systems, and communities to improve or protect health status
Implementation
• May be short or long term
• Community health programs often take place over many years
Five stages of program implementation:
- Community acceptance of the program
- Specification of tasks and estimation of needed resources
- Development of specific plans for program activity
- Establishment of a mechanism for program management
- Putting the plan into action
Evaluation
• Important final assessment
• Starts with goals & objectives
• The appraisal of the effects of interventions
• Compare the progress of the program to the goals and objectives
• Positive gain – Improvement
• No change
• Loss
2 types of Evaluations
Formative/Process Evaluation
Summative Evaluation
(product evaluation)
Formative/Process Evaluation
• Occurs during development of program
• Ongoing feedback on the performance of the program
• Concerned with the delivery of the program and organizational context (structures and procedures)
• Monitors process objectives
Summative Evaluation
• Occurs at the end of the program
• Focuses on the consequences (outcomes) of the program
• Considers cost and cost-benefit
• Monitors outcome objectives
Process evaluation
Is this program being implemented as planned?
Product evaluation
Did this program have the intended impact?
