Global Governance - Afghanistan Flashcards
How human rights are promoted and protected by institutions, treaties, laws and norms?
Strategies for global governance
1- attempts to change and modernise norms
2 - Work of NGO’S, Private organisations and human rights activists
3 - CSR of MNC’s
4 - The creation and application of international laws and treaties
5 - attempts to strengthen the rule of the law
6 - Reference to legal mechanisms such as the European Court of Human Rights and the International Criminal Court (ICC)
7 - treaties or conventions established by supranational organisations eg, UN and regional unions
8 - The work of agencies of the UN eg. OHCHR
9 - UN peacekeeping role in pro toting and protecting human rights
10 - humanitarian and military intervention and humanitarian relief assistance.
Contributions and interactions from differing scales
UN - 2002 role ( global)
UN Assistance mission ( UNAMA) established by the security council in 2002 - wanted to achieve peace and development
Aims include:
promoting respect for international humanitarian and human rights laws
Coordinate the effects of all organisations and communities to ensure protection
Implement freedoms in Afghan constitution and treaties
For women, displaced people ( all 75,000) and returning refugees to enjoy their rights
Afghan government (national)
Joined the economic cooperation organisation and the south Asian Association for regional cooperation to help promote economic growth
Laws on the duties and structures of the independent elections commission to improve the democratic process
Passed law = elimination of violence against women law of 2009
Contributing to the socio-economic development in Afghan
Afghan Aid/NGO’s
Sustainable rural strategies
Coordinate project work
Consequences of global governance of human rights for local communities
Rural project Chaghcharan Ghor
- Ghor is politically hostile and insecure
- mainly sell livestock due to poverty
- neglection of human rights, serious gender inequality and trafficking, limited sanitation,infrastructures and limited health and nutrition.
- Afghan Aid - works closely with the Afghan government
Just on example of hundreds of NGO’s - groups are brought together to release their own projects which empower political, social and economic rights
- eu funding with afghan aid has promoted more effective ag practices, reduced disease risk and created safe water supplies and improved hygiene
- give local people freedom with women being more integrated into society, with democratic practices strengthening the election of community groups.
Urban project in Kabaul
Denial of basic human rights and rapid urban growth
Economic and security has motivated the rural-urban migration which has deprived local communities of essential services
Community development councils are elected of mixed gender and have plans with specific needs of the area with upgraded housing, infrastructure, electricity, sanitation,schools and healthcare
They help to secure employment opps for women, land tenure, improved roads drainage and provision of shops
What has both these projects done for local communities
- helps both rural and cities
- work is not universal across the whole county but is specific to certain needs
- afghan governments are supported by international organisations
- might be more effective than ‘top down’ since residents are elected - plans and priorities for the areas they live in that they know best.
- 2014, nearly 6 million Children now attend school - 40% being girls
- 50% of the population having access to primary healthcare in 2014 this was only 9% in 2003
- MMR rate has halved by 2001
- average life expectancy has increased to 61 years old in 20013
Was 55 in 2000
What violations are taking place in Afghan
Taliban - Sharia law that women are not allowed to be educated
‘Scorched earth’ policy
Increased casualties of Afghan security and civilians
Domestic violence and inequality of employment, heath services and education towards women and children
Kidnapping, torturing and detentions
Attacks on journalists - to get freedom of expression
Food security issues through poppy cultivation for heroin on the illicit drugs trade
Population are becoming illiterate due to limited education
Colatorial Damage - villages are bombed
Families confined to small rooms
Background
Islamic republic of Afghan
Landlocked and mountainous ( transport issues)
32 million people
Many borders increasing risk of conflict and vulnerability
1994 - taliban emerged ( attacks began in 1996 mainly in Kabul ) - control 90% of the country
There is no clear divide between the control from the taliban or the government - proposing more conflict issues
Employment in agriculture, industry and services
