Global English Flashcards
What is accommodation?
Adjusting your speaking for the benefit of your communication partner
What is bidialectalism?
More than one dialect comes together during conversation
What is EFL?
English as a foreign language
What is an L1?
Someone’s first/native language
What is an L2?
Someone’s second/non-native language
Roughly how many native speakers does English have?
300 million
What is a lingua franca?
A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. It is used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect.
Give four reasons why English has become a lingua franca
- Technology
- Trade
- Travel
- Colonisation
Who created the World Map of English?
Streven
When did Streven create the World Map of English?
1980
What does Streven’s World Map show?
His model demonstrates the dominance of English. It also shows the separation of British English and American English and the different parts of the world that have been influenced between these two Englishes.
Who created the 3 circles model of world English diversity?
Braj Kachru
When did Braj Kachru create the 3 circles model of world English diversity
1992
What is the inner circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity
The inner circle countries were those in which English was traditionally the first language of the majority of speakers.
What five countries are included in the inner circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
What is the outer circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
The outer circle countries were those in which English played an official or institutional role and were, typically, postcolonial nations.
What four countries are included in the outer circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines
What is the expanding circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
The expanding circle countries were those in which English was generally used only as a foreign language which played no institutional or official role within the country.
What three countries are included in the expanding circle in Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
Japan, Germany, Egypt
What are some evaluations of Braj Kachru’s 3 circles model of world English diversity?
- Outdated today due to the dominance of the internet and other technology
- Can’t be categorised into just 3 categories
- L2 purposes may not be accurate today
- Labels use ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ suggest value judgements about ‘better’ usage
- Does not address the diversity of Englishes within the circles, or the proficiency of English use within the outer and expanding circles
What are some characteristics of Canadian English?
- Exaggerated phonemes (u:eI) – ‘oooh’ ‘ay’
2. Adding phonemes or sounds to end of sentences – ‘eh?’
What are some characteristics of Indian English?
- Fast-paced
- Lack in determiners – ‘the’
- Mix between Indian and English language
- Shorten sounds
What is a pidgin?
Pidgin combines two or more languages enabling the members of different speech communities to communicate.
What is an example of a pidgin?
An example of a pidgin is Tok Pisin spoken in Papua New Guinea – developed from varieties of English spoken in 19th Century as a means of communication between Pacific islanders and English-speaking Europeans.