CLD: Writing Flashcards
What is orthography?
The study of the use of letters and the rules of spelling in a language
What is emergent writing?
Children’s early scribble writing, a stage of their literacy development
What is an ascender?
The typographical feature where a portion of the letter goes above the usual height for letters in any font
What is a descender?
Where part of the letter goes below the baseline of a font
What is the first stage of Kroll’s four stages of writing?
Preparation (age 6) basic motor skills alongside some principles of spelling
What is the second stage of Kroll’s four stages of writing?
Consolidation (age 7-8) writing development similar to speech, colloquial, incomplete sentences, strings of clauses with the word ‘and’
What is the third stage of Kroll’s four stages of writing?
Differentiation (age 9-10) awareness of writing for different audiences and purposes
What is the fourth stage of Kroll’s four stages of writing?
Integration (mid-teens) developing personal voice, controlled writing, appropriate linguistic choices
What is the first stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 1: scribbling stage
• Random marks on a page
• Writing and scribbles are accompanied by speaking
What is the second stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 2: mock handwriting stage
• Writing and drawings
• Produce wavy lines which is their understanding of lineation
• Cursive writing
What is the third stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 3: mock letters
• Letters are separate things
What is the fourth stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 4: conventional letters
• Usually involves writing the name as the first word
• Child usually puts letters on a page but is able to read it as words
What is the fifth stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 5: invented spelling stage
• Child spells in the way they understand the word should be spelt
What is the sixth stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 6: appropriate/phonetic spelling stage
• Attach spelling with sounds
What is the seventh stage of Dr Cathy Barclay’s seven stages to a child developing their writing skills?
Stage 7: correct spelling stage
• Are able to spell most words
What is the first stage of Joan Rothery’s stages of children’s early writing?
Observation/comment – the writer makes an observation and will follow this with an evaluative comment or combines the two
What is the second stage of Joan Rothery’s stages of children’s early writing?
Recount – generally a chronological sequence of events. For example, children are often asked to write a follow-up activity to a school trip. It is written subjectively. The structute of a recount follows this pattern:
a. Orientation
b. Event
c. Reorientation
What is the third stage of Joan Rothery’s stages of children’s early writing?
Report – a factual and objective description of events or things and doesn’t tend to be chronological
What is the fourth stage of Joan Rothery’s stages of children’s early writing?
Narrative – a story genre which sets the scene for events to occur. It has a set pattern:
a. Orientation
b. Complication
c. Resolution
d. Coda
Due to the structural complexity few children will achieve the whole structure early on even though they have read stories with this narrative structure
What are considered some strategies for children to spell a word they haven’t heard before?
Sound cues Clues from meanings Writing it down so it ‘looks right’ Use grammatical knowledge to predict spelling including affixation and inflections Use a dictionary or spell checker
What are homophones?
Where the words sound the same but the spelling is different
What are homonyms?
Where the words are spelt the same but said differently/have different meanings
What is the first stage of the five spelling stages?
Pre-phonemic: imitation of writing, scribbling, pretend writing
What is the second stage of the five spelling stages?
Semi-phonemic: linking letter shapes and sounds and using this to write words
