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Geography AS- Energy > Global Energy Distribution > Flashcards

Global Energy Distribution Flashcards

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1
Q

Give two reasons as to why some countries are able to produce a lot of energy.

A

Large energy reserves and lots of money to exploit the reserves.

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2
Q

Explain why some countries are unable to produce a lot of energy.

A

They have few resources or are unable to exploit their resources due to lack of money or political instability.

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3
Q

Give a reason as to why Spain is unable to produce a lot of energy.

A

It has little fossil fuel reserves.

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4
Q

Give two reasons as to why Angola is not able to produce much energy.

A

It is politically unstable and had a lack of funds- only $7000 income per capita- average is $18000

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5
Q

Iran and Saudi Arabia have large reserves of what’s?

A

Oil.

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6
Q

What two countries have large coal reserves?

A

China

Australia

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7
Q

What three countries have large oil AND gas reserves?

A

UK
Russia
Canada

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8
Q

What two countries have large reserves of coal, oil and gas?

A

USA and Indonesia.

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9
Q

There’s a strong relationship between what and energy CONSUMPTION?

A

GDP and energy consumption.

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10
Q

Global energy production is _________ ___________.

A

Unevenly distributed.

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11
Q

Wealthy countries tend to consume…

A

Lots of energy per person.

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12
Q

Provide an example of how energy use per person varies between wealthier and poorer regions of the world.

A

2011- energy use per capita;
Bangladesh; 205 kgoe
USA; 7032 kgoe

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13
Q

Explain why wealthier countries tend to use a lot of energy- especially when compared to the energy use of LEDCs.

A

They’re wealthier so can afford the energy more. Most people in these countries have access to electricity and hearing and use energy intensive devices like cars and ovens.
Examples; Australia/ USA/ Sweden

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14
Q

Explain why poorer counties tend to consume a lot less energy than richer countries do.

A

They’re less able to afford it, therefore less energy is available. Lifestyles are less dependent on high energy consumption that in wealthier countries.
Examples; Mongolia/ Burkina Faso.

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15
Q

Explain how it is possible for some countries to not produce a lot of energy but to use a lot.

A

Energy trading between countries.

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16
Q

What is the general trend of energy trading?

A

Countries that are able to produce a lot of energy export it to those that aren’t able to produce a lot of energy (as long as they can afford to buy it).

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17
Q

List five countries that are all large exporters of energy.

A 
Venezuela 
United Arab Emirates 
Canada 
Saudi Arabia 
Denmark
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18
Q

List four countries that all import large amounts of energy.

A

Ireland
Italy
Spain
Japan

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19
Q

Electricity is traded between _______ _________.

A

Neighbouring countries.

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20
Q

Whereas electricity is exported to neighbouring countries, fossil fuel energy can be exported…

A

All around the world.

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21
Q

Why can electricity only be exported to neighbouring countries?

A

It is very hard to store

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22
Q

What are TNC’s?

A

Companies that do business in more than one country.

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23
Q

What type of companies play a major role in world energy production and distribution?

A

TNCs.

24
Q

TNCs play a major role in world energy _______ and _________.

A

Production and distribution.

25
Q

What is ExxonMobil?

A

An lol and gas based TNC based in the USA. The largest company in the world based on revenue and operates in 200 countries.

26
Q

ExxonMobil produces _______ of the worlds oil and _______ of the worlds energy.

A

3% worlds oil.

2% worlds energy.

27
Q

Explain the production process the TNC ‘exxonmobil’ goes through.

A

It explores for oil and gas in every continent excl Antartica. Found oil is extracted and sent to refineries located in a range of countries including UK, USA, Norway and Thailand for processing.

28
Q

Explain the distribution process that ExxonMoil goes through.

A

After processing, it used its own transport system to transport products to distribution centres- can be its own or independent ones (eg Acculube/ TrAchem Ltd). Then it’s sold to customers (eg CATERPILLAR or Singapore Airlines) or individuals for transport fuel.

29
Q

What is an issue important to all governments related to energy?

A

Energy security.

30
Q

What is energy security?

A

The provision of affordable and reliable energy.

31
Q

All countries are dependent on energy _________

A

Supplies.

32
Q

Give three examples of things in which all countries are dependent on energy supplies and security for.

A

Transport
Heating
Electricity
Manufacturing

33
Q

Energy usage is ________ whilst fossil fuel reserves are _________.

A

Energy use is INCREASING whilst fossil fuel reserves are DECREASING.

34
Q

Explain why many people believe that we are coming into an ‘energy crisis’.

A

The global use of energy is increasing whilst fossil fuel reserves are decreasing- leading governments to be increasingly concerned I’ve how to secure future energy supplies.

35
Q

What makes the supposed ‘energy crisis’ we are coming into even trickier?

A

The fact that the largest reserves of oil and gas are often in areas that are either politically or economically unstable- making them hard to be produced.

36
Q

Give an example of where there are high reserves of energy that is politically unstable.

A

Russia. Means the energy supplies are often at risk of being distrusted.

37
Q

To try and secure energy supplies, what normally happens between countries.

A

Agreements are reached between importing and exporting regions.

38
Q

Give an example of an agreement that was signed between importing and exporting regions in order to achieve secure supplies of secure energy.

A

The EU is becoming more dependent on imports as North Sea oil depletes so in 2000, talks with Russia to guarantee secure gas supplies opened and in return Russia asked for production of fuel investment and increase EU market access.

39
Q

If an agreement between importing and exporting regions cannot be reached and there are concerns over energy security, what can happen?

A

Conflict or threats of conflict can arise.

40
Q

Give an example of how a threat of conflict arose due to concerns over energy security.

A

In 1980, Carter Doctrine said the USA would use military force in order to protect its interest in the Middle East and secure the free movement of oil if necessary.

41
Q

As energy consumption increases, so does the impact…

A

Of energy use on the environment.

42
Q

What can be done to manage the impacts of energy use on the environment?

A

International agreements can be drawn up.

43
Q

Give an example of an international agreement that’s been implemented to combat the impact of energy use on the environment.

A

Kyoto protocol

44
Q

Explain what backlash an international agreement to attempt to reduce the environmental impact of energy use can have.

A

It can lead to potential conflict if the environmental protection clashes with other national interests- eg. Economic growth.

45
Q

Energy production has increased in places where one of what two things has happened?

A

Places have became more politically stable.

Places where new reserves have been found.

46
Q

The production of energy decreases in a country where one of what two things happens?

A
  • the resources have been used up.

* they have because more politically unstable.

47
Q

In China, as what two things increase, the country consumes more energy.

A
  • standards of living

* industrial output

48
Q

What type of countries are consuming a higher amount of energy and why?

A

Newly industrialised countries- for example; India/ Malaysia and Mexico. They’re using more energy as they develop- to develop further.

49
Q

As __________ and ___________ of energy changes, so does the trade of energy

A

Production

Consumption

50
Q

Explain why exports from ex-Soviet Central Asian countries like Kazakhstan are increasing their exports.

A

They’re attractive suppliers to the EU/ USA/ China as the regions more stable than the Middle East and isn’t controlled by Russia, therefore they can decrease their dependence on these countries.

51
Q

Explain how and why Nigeria’s energy production has increased since discovering new reserves.

A

Nigeria- largest natural gas reserves in Africa- current energy consumption rates mean Nigeria’s reserves will last until the end of 2020. 35bn barrels oil reserves/ 5trillion cubic meters natural gas- 10th largest oil+ 9th largest NG reserves worldwide. Became 5th largest oil exporter in 2005.

52
Q

Give facts and figures to support Algeria’s growing production of energy with finding new reserves of energy sources.

A

Leading natural gas producer in Africa- second largest exporter to Europe. Third largest shale gas supplies (world) and top 3 oil producers in Africa. 2010- Algeria 8th largest NG producer in world. 12.2bn barrels oil reserves by Jan2012.

53
Q

Give an example of a place where energy production has increased as it became more politically stable and explain why

A

Angola- civil war ended April 2002. 2000/ 900K barrels oil produced per day. 2006/ 1.4M barrels oil produced daily.

54
Q

Provide an example of how energy production has decreased as resources have been used up.

A

North Sea oil production declining since 1999 due to depleting reserves. Production in UK/ Denmark/ Norway/ Germany/ Netherlands decreased. Oil and gas production in UK peaked 1999 from North Sea Oil. Oil and gas (UK) declining 7.5% yearly 2002-2007 in production.

55
Q

Give an example of a place where energy production has decreased due to the area becoming more politically unstable.

A

Sudan- civil war 1983-2005- decreased oil production

56
Q

Provide some statistics to show the increasing consumption of energy by the NIC’s; India and Mexico.

A

India- industrialised late 20th century. 1990- 380kgoe/ 2011- 614kgoe per capita.
Mexico- NIC late 2000’s- 2000- 1400kgoe/ 2012- 1588kgoe per capita consumed.

57
Q

Explain how the trade of energy has changed for Brazil and Denmark.

A

They used o heavily rely on imports but are now energy self sufficient due to renewable energy development and domestic oil reserve discoveries.

Geography AS- Energy (8 decks)

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