Global emission chains Flashcards
What are global emission chains?
A tool to measure the CO2-emissions on a global level:
- linked to the production, transport, use, and disposal of goods across countries.
E.g. making a phone in one country and selling it in another creates emissions at every stage.
The responsibility for the emissions can vary depending on whether it is production based or consumption based perspective, explain and give one example
Production based= Emissions accounted to the producer country
Consumption based= Emissions accounted to the country which uses the good
E.g. Italy produces 50 cars to be sold on the French market, generating 100 tons of CO2
- Production based: 100 ton accounted to Italy
- Consumption based: 100 ton accounted to France
- delocalize production (off-shoring)
- on the global level emissions are not reduced
Looking at how the items flow though a supply chain can be illustrated in a figure. Draw the figure and explain the flows with a table
Kolla boken
I tabellen:
Horizontal: Flow of goods away from the company
Vertikalt: Flow of goods each company receives
What is the technical coefficient Aij?
Aij= Zij/Xj
Quantifies how much input each sector requires per unit of its own output
- E.g. if agriculture uses 150 units of its own output and produces 600 in total, then A11= 150/600= 0,25
What is the Leontief inverse?
Lij= Zij/Fj
Represents how much output from each sector is required to satisfy one unit of final demand in a specific sector
What is x?
The vector outputs, the output from each sector
What is the Z-matrix?
Matrix of the intermediate flows
What is the f-natrix?
Matrix of final demand
How is the waste matrix W derived? How is the vector w calculated and what does it stand for?
e.g. W11= input w1 i c1/total output x, maps out all the wastes from each sector
w= W*x, stands for the total numer of wastes/waste type in the system
How is the resource matrix R derived? How is the vector r calculated and what does it stand for?
e.g. R11= inout r1/total output x, maps out all the resource inputs into each sector
r= R*x, stands for the total number of resources/resource type in the system
What is the matrix e?
CO2-emissions for each industry and country
What is the matrix ei? How is it calculated?
ei= e/x
The emissions intensity in each industry and country
What is the matrix M? ow is it calculated?
M= ei*L
M quantifies the global environmental impacts of economic activities, accounting for the interconnectedness of supply chains.
- So M shows how much CO₂ is emitted by an industry in one country for every dollar spent on products or services from another industry in another country.
