Global Division Flashcards
European powers, particularly in the 16th to the 20th centuries,
established colonial territories and exploited the resources and
labor of the Global South for their own economic gain.
Colonialism and imperialism
was characterized by unequal power
dynamics, cultural subjugation, and economic dependencies.
The Global South was forced into providing cheap raw
materials and labor to the Global North, while the Global North
imposed trade restrictions and maintained monopolistic
control over technological advancements (Rodney, 1972).
The colonial system
During the colonial era, the Global North extracted vast
amounts of natural resources from the Global South, such as
minerals, agricultural products, and timber.
Exploitation of Natural Resources
The Global North often imposes trade barriers and
protectionist policies that limit market access for products
from the Global South, while simultaneously flooding Global
South markets with subsidized goods (UNCTAD, 2019)
Unequal Trade Relationships
hampers the industrial development
and diversification of economies in the Global South.
unequal trade relationships/dynamic
The Global North also retains significant control over _____________ and ___________, which further
perpetuates economic disparities. Investment flows primarily
concentrate in the Global North, as investors from developed
countries seek higher returns and lower risks. This limits
investment opportunities in the Global South, hindering
economic growth and development (UNCTAD, 2021).
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Capital Flows
The Global South faces challenges in providing access to
quality education, healthcare, clean water, and sanitation,
resulting in higher levels of poverty, malnutrition, and
disease. Limited social development opportunities hinder
social mobility and perpetuate intergenerational poverty
(World Bank, 2021).
Social and Political Inequalities
This limits the ability of the Global South to shape global policies and
institutions to address their unique challenges and priorities.
Political Power Imbalances
Institutions such as the United Nations Security Council, the
World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund reflect the
power dynamics of the post-World War I! era, with a
significant concentration of influence in the hands of the
Global North (Chan, Falkner, & Goldberg, 2019).
Political Power Imbalances
It includes Australia, Canada,
Israel, Hong Kong, Macau, New
Zealand, Japan, Singapore, South
Korea, Taiwan, the United States
and all of Europe (including Russia).
Global North
They are called the More
Economically Developed
Countries (MEDCs) because of
the stability of their economy and
they have a generally better
standard of living and quality of life.
Global North
The Global South includes Asia
(with the exception of Japan, Hong
Kong, Macau, Singapore, South
Korea and Taiwan), Central
America, South America, Mexico,
Africa, and the Middle East (with
the exception of Israel).
Global South
They are known as the Less
Economically Developed
Countries (LEDCs) and are
“poorer” compared to the
countries in the Global North.
Global South
- Unstable government
- Poor economy [Low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and low Human Development
Index (HDI)] - Contain citizens who have a poor standard of living and quality of life.
Factors why countries in the
south are considered LEDCs
wealthy/developed countries primarily located in the ______?
northern hemisphere (the North)
poorer/ developing
countries located mainly in the_____?
southern hemisphere (the South)
nation with political ideologies and alliances with
the US and much of the Western world who preached for
Democracy and Capitalism.
First World
the Communist bloc led by USSR (Union of
Soviet Socialist Republic) / Russia, China, and other states who
employed Marxist principles.
Second world
the nonaligned states, the underdeveloped
nations, and states that have unstable political and economic
conditions.
Third World
Coined by the French scholar Alfred Sauvy in 1952 to distinguish
the formerly colonized and presently neo-colonized societies of
Asia, Africa, and Latin America from the modernized “first” world
of capitalism and the modernizing “second” world of socialism.
Third world
By the 1960s, __________ would become a central political
slogan for the radical left.
Third world
was coined by states hoping to
navigate between the two poles of the Cold War, and ultimately
gave birth to the Non-Aligned Movement.
Third world
the next term used for third world which refer to states that are previously categorized as part of the Third World who found themselves the necessity and the means to grapple with the economic realities at the demise of the Cold war era.
Developing world
to ensure that they can attain the national development spurred by
Globalization and higher economic integration.
Challenges of the third world/developing world countries
Thus, the term developing states came to be associated with
industrialization attempts by many Asian economies once dubbed
as __________ or the___________ like
Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea.
Asian Tigers or the NIC’s (Newly Industrialized Countries)
The four countries of NIC
Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea.
Published by a commission chaired by the former German Chancellor Willy Brandt.
Brandt report (1983)
This report identified a North/South line (or Brandt line), and thus
popularized another term, namely ________
“The South”
is a geographical convenience based on the fact that most of the
Poor World lie south of latitude 30° North.
The south
It can be seen also that
the Global South has
embarked on an
unprecedented upward
trajectory.
Perspectives on the Divide
It should be added also
that the term Global
south rids itself of the
negative political and
economic labeling that
Third World had before
as it is generally seen to
be more apolitical.
Perspectives on the Divide
