Global Crime Flashcards
What is the definition of globalisation?
refers to the way the world is becoming more interconnected with cultural and political boundaries eroding, the result is more opportunity for new and different types of crime
What global crimes does Castells (1998) identify?
arms trafficking
Nuclear materials trafficking
Modern day slavery?people trafficking
Cyber crimes
sex torism developing countries
Terrorism
Drugs
Money laundering
What does Taylor say about Globalisation and crime?
Taylor (1997)
claims globalisation causes crime on both sides of the social spectrum
lower social groups - lack of legitimate employment opportunities due to outsourcing, - means crime for economic reasons
Higher Social groups - globalisation of money markets have led to an increase of insider trading, tax evasion, and wide scandal fraud
What did Hobbs and cunningham say about globalisation and crime
Hobbs and Cunningham (1998)
uses the term ‘global organisation’ to explain how new types of gang structures have been related to facilitate new global markets, particularly international drug deals
such new structures do not have rigid family hierarchy that is typified by the American mafia rather they are much more flexible and faster in responding to emerging oppotuniriess.
claims the recent increase in Eastern European gangs is illustrative of the social, cultural and political changes since the fall of communism
many ex-KGB moved to criminal gang activity with global connections, many ex-KGB bought out iron, coal and steal works in post-soviet Russia and sold them off to the global market
Evaluation of globalisation and crime
Taylor’s approach is too deterministic. Explains why some working class people in similar situations do not resort to crime. His argument only gives a partial explanation as it ignores cultural factors
Feminists argue the impact of global crimees means many CJS tends to be ‘gender blind’ when it to female human trafficking
are cyber crimes really a result of globalisation? Graboski said that cyber crimes are a continuation of terrestrial crime but through a new means
What’s the Neo-Marxist perspective on globalisation and crime?
Neo-marxist viewpoint on crime in the context of globalisation and capitalism
Emphasises how global economic structures contribute to crime and deviance
Explores the inequalities and exploitation inherent in global capitalist system
what does rote and Friedrichs say about crimes of globalisation
it focuses on crimes that arise form globalisation processes
examines how multinational corporations may engage in harmful practices
Highlights the intersection of economic power and criminal behaviour on a global scale
What does hobbs and Dunnigham say about ‘Global organisations’
introduces the concept of ‘global’ organisation - a blend of global and local influences on crime
examines how criminal activities adapt to both global and local contexts
Shows how criminal networks operate in a way that transcends traditional boundaries
what does Held et al argue about Global Criminal economy
Explores the concept of a global criminal economy
examines the interconnectedness of criminal activities across borders
emphasises the role of globalisation in facilitating the expansion of illicit economies
What is green crime
crimes committed against the environment, highly subjective and highly contested globalisation ensures that nation-states can no longer react as separate entities
What is green criminology
takes a more radical approach, as green criminology seeks to overstep national laws by focusing on the damage that is being done
Green criminology adopts perspective on crimes against the environment
it criticises the practices of big corporations and how they pass off their criems as legitimate business
Green crime: anthropocentrism Vs Ecocentrism
The anthropocentric view states that humans have the right to dominate nature for their own ends
the ecocentric view sees humans and the environment as interdependent - harming the environment ultimately harms hyenas
what’s the Evaluation of green criminology
helped focus the global ramifications of the legal and illegal but morally suspect actions
However, because of its very global concern, it is difficult to define the boundaries of right and wrong
