Global climate-vulnerability and resiliance Flashcards

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1
Q

the atmosphere

A

A mixture of liquids, solids and gases that surrounds the Earth.

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2
Q

the four parts of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

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3
Q

What layer of the earth do we live in?

A

Troposphere

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4
Q

Insolation

A

Incoming solar radiation

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5
Q

How is energy redistributed across the globe?

A

Wind circulation and ocean currents

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6
Q

What is an open system

A

An open system is one that accepts input from external sources and produces output. Such as the ocean and the atmosphere.

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7
Q

radiation the sun emits

A

Short wave - it has a higher energy

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8
Q

radiation the sun emits

A

Short wave - it has a higher energy

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9
Q

radiation the earth emits

A

Long wave - it has lower energy

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10
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by movement of a gas or liquid

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11
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat by contact

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12
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

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13
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

Occurs as a result of increased quantities of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere owing to human activities and their impact on these fragile atmospheric systems

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14
Q

What is energy balance?

A

The balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy from the atmosphere

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15
Q

Atmospheric energy budget

A

Balance between incoming and outgoing solar radiation

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16
Q

What % of shortwave radiation reaches the ground?

A

46%

17
Q

What % of short-wave radiation is re-radiated to the atmosphere and lost to space?

A

14%

18
Q

What happens to the sun’s energy when it reaches the earth?

A

Some is reflected by clouds, some is absorbed, or scattered by atmosphere, some reflected by the earth, some absorbed by the earth

19
Q

How does cloud cover affect the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth?

A

Less clouds and high clouds mean that more radiation reaches the Earth

20
Q

What affects the amount of insolation?

A

Latitude, season, cloud cover, cloud type, angle of the sun

21
Q

Adaptation

A

measures to reduce the vulnerability of human and natural systems to climate change.

22
Q

Albedo

A

The amount of incoming solar energy reflected back into the atmosphere by the Earth’s surface.

23
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Human-related processes

24
Q

Global warming

A

The increase in temperatures around the world that has been noticed since the 1960s, particularly since the 1980s.

25
Q

Mitigation

A

Attempts to reduce the causes of climate change

26
Q

Resilience

A

The ability of a population, human or natural system to absorb change without having to make a fundamental change.

27
Q

Vulnerability

A

The degree to which a human or natural system is unable to cope with the impacts of climate change.