Changing populations Flashcards

1
Q

Crude birth rate

A

Number of live births per 1000 people per year

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2
Q

Crude death rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

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3
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Crude death of infants less than one year of age

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4
Q

Child mortality rate

A

Crude death of children less than 5 years of age

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5
Q

Fertility rate

A

The average number of children a woman has throughout her lifetime

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6
Q

Population momentum

A

The rate of change of a population

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7
Q

What is the Lorenz curve

A

A Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality.

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8
Q

What does the dotted line on the Lorenz curve show

A

The theoretical perfect line of even distribution

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9
Q

Population distribution

A

How people are spread out across an area

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10
Q

Population density

A

How closely packed the people in an area are.

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11
Q

What attracts people to an area

A
  • Availability of food
  • Water
  • Building resources
  • Farmland
  • Good climate
  • Physical accessibility
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12
Q

demographic dividend

A

The demographic dividend is the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death rates and the overall change in the age structure of the population.

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13
Q

Population

A

The total number of people living in a place.

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14
Q

Population policy

A

purposeful measures are undertaken by governments aimed at affecting demographic processes, (eg fertility, mortality, and migration.)

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15
Q

Anti-natalist

A

Population policies designed to decrease the crude birth rate.

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16
Q

Pro-natalist

A

Population policies designed to increase the crude birth rate.

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17
Q

Ageing population

A

This occurs when the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates.

18
Q

Economically active

A

Proportion of the population aged 15-64 in the working age.

19
Q

Dependency ratio

A

A measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64.

20
Q

Demographic transition model

A

A model that describes population transitions, in birth, death rates and overall population.

21
Q

Population pyramid

A

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age and gender groups in a population.

22
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people to live or work (usually for at least a year).

23
Q

Immigration

A

Migration to a country with the idea to live there permanently.

24
Q

Emigration

A

People migrating out of a country.

25
Migration balance
Difference between immigration and emigration.
26
Push factors
Aspect of the migrant's origin location that makes them want to leave.
27
Pull factors
Aspect of the migrant's destination that makes them want to migrate there.
28
Voluntary migration
Migration by choice.
29
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders
30
Forced migration
Refers to the movements of refugees, IDPs as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, famine, or development projects.
31
Selective migration
Migration which involves one particular cohort of the population
32
Refugee
An individual seeking refuge or asylum
33
Asylum seeker
A refugee who is hoping to be granted refugee status in their destination country for a short period.
34
North-South divide
The increasing inequality in levels of development between the North and the South or between HICs and LICs.
35
Development gap
The difference in wealth between the developed world (North) and the developing world (South).
36
OPEC
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries represents the interests of oil exporters.
37
The G10 or Paris Club
A group representing the wealthiest members of the International Monetary Fund. (The UK, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Italy...etc)
38
The G7/8
A group of the world's wealthiest and most powerful countries (Japan, Germany, France, the US, Canada, Russia, Italy, the UK)
39
Seasonal workers
Seasonal work is temporary employment that recurs around the same time every year.
40
Elite migration
The immigration of skilled workers for their area of expertise
41
Expats
A person who has moved from their native country to another country permanently or for an extended period of time