Changing populations Flashcards
Crude birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 people per year
Crude death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Infant mortality rate
Crude death of infants less than one year of age
Child mortality rate
Crude death of children less than 5 years of age
Fertility rate
The average number of children a woman has throughout her lifetime
Population momentum
The rate of change of a population
What is the Lorenz curve
A Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality.
What does the dotted line on the Lorenz curve show
The theoretical perfect line of even distribution
Population distribution
How people are spread out across an area
Population density
How closely packed the people in an area are.
What attracts people to an area
- Availability of food
- Water
- Building resources
- Farmland
- Good climate
- Physical accessibility
demographic dividend
The demographic dividend is the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death rates and the overall change in the age structure of the population.
Population
The total number of people living in a place.
Population policy
purposeful measures are undertaken by governments aimed at affecting demographic processes, (eg fertility, mortality, and migration.)
Anti-natalist
Population policies designed to decrease the crude birth rate.
Pro-natalist
Population policies designed to increase the crude birth rate.
Ageing population
This occurs when the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates.
Economically active
Proportion of the population aged 15-64 in the working age.
Dependency ratio
A measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64.
Demographic transition model
A model that describes population transitions, in birth, death rates and overall population.
Population pyramid
A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age and gender groups in a population.
Migration
The movement of people to live or work (usually for at least a year).
Immigration
Migration to a country with the idea to live there permanently.
Emigration
People migrating out of a country.
Migration balance
Difference between immigration and emigration.
Push factors
Aspect of the migrant’s origin location that makes them want to leave.
Pull factors
Aspect of the migrant’s destination that makes them want to migrate there.
Voluntary migration
Migration by choice.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country’s borders
Forced migration
Refers to the movements of refugees, IDPs as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, famine, or development projects.
Selective migration
Migration which involves one particular cohort of the population
Refugee
An individual seeking refuge or asylum
Asylum seeker
A refugee who is hoping to be granted refugee status in their destination country for a short period.
North-South divide
The increasing inequality in levels of development between the North and the South or between HICs and
LICs.
Development gap
The difference in wealth between the developed world
(North) and the developing world (South).
OPEC
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries represents the interests of oil exporters.
The G10 or Paris
Club
A group representing the wealthiest members of the International Monetary Fund. (The UK, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Italy…etc)
The G7/8
A group of the world’s wealthiest and most powerful countries
(Japan, Germany, France, the US, Canada, Russia, Italy, the UK)
Seasonal workers
Seasonal work is temporary employment that recurs around the same time every year.
Elite migration
The immigration of skilled workers for their area of expertise
Expats
A person who has moved from their native country to another country permanently or for an extended period of time
