Global 2 Flashcards
Computer science, business, medicine, and economics all use which of these branches of mathematics to obtain an optimal (best) solution to a problem that can be stated in a mathematical form?
A. calculus
B. geometry
C. logic
D. linear algebra
A
Calculus affects nearly all areas of modern life including aviation, construction, and military weaponry. Newton s research in mathematics, as well as optics, gravity, and motion, has been the basis for breakthrough discoveries by scientists since his time.
One result of England’s Glorious Revolution was the
A. revision of the rights in the Magna Carta.
B. abolishment of African slavery practices.
C. creation of the 1689 Bill of Rights.
D. institution of an English parliament.
C
England’s Glorious Revolution began in 1688 and ended in 1689. Parliamentarians and Dutch invaders united and overthrew King James II of England. An English Bill of Rights was created at the end of the Glorious Revolution. The Bill of Rights established civil and political rights for English citizens and residents.
Which of these was one of Simón Bolívar’s goals?
A. make South America a single, independent country
B. lead a South American invasion of Spain and Europe
C. make South America loyal to the king of Spain
D. make South America loyal to Napoleon in France
A
Although Simón Bolívar fought to create a single, independent republic in the northern part of South America, he was unsuccessful. He did, however, lead an independence movement which led to the creation of the Republic of Colombia in 1819, which contained the modern-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Panama.
In which way was the industrialization of Japan different from industrialization in Britain, Germany, the United States, or France?
A. Japanese industrialization used technology different from anyone else’s.
B. Japanese industrialization took place later and was done more quickly.
C. Japanese industrialization took place earlier but did not develop very far.
D. Japanese industrialization was done against the wishes of its government.
B
The Japanese began industrializing and modernizing their country in 1868 with the Meiji Restoration. Europe and the United States had already experienced their Industrial Revolutions, so Japan was able to follow their model. In only about 30 years, Japan had transformed to a modern nation. It defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War and began claiming portions of Chinese territory, just as the European powers were.
What effect did the First Opium War have on relations between China and the non-British European powers?
A. Many European nations pledged to protect China in future wars with Britain.
B. Most European nations declared that Britain’s treatment of China was unfair.
C. Many European nations forced China to sign unequal agreements.
D. Most European nations avoided dealing with China or its government.
C
After the British had used war to force China into an agreement, other European powers threatened to do the same. The Chinese knew that they were not able to defend themselves against the Europeans’ military technology, so they signed similar treaties with them to avoid being attacked.
Who was assassinated by a group of extreme Serbian nationalists on June 28, 1914? - an event that acted as a trigger to the fighting in World War I.
A. Francisco Franco.
B. Benito Mussolini.
C. Joseph Stalin.
D. Franz Ferdinand.
D
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Bosnia and Herzegovina by a group of extreme Serbian nationalists called the Black Hand. This group was dedicated to the goal of uniting all of the territories containing South Slavs, a subdivision of the Slavic people, that had been previously annexed Austria-Hungary. The group’s assassination of the archduke is considered by historians to have been the main catalyst to the start of World War I.
In 1928, Joseph Stalin introduced the first Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union. Why did Stalin implement these programs?
A. Stalin thought workers would become wealthier.
B. Stalin wanted to increase workers’ creativity.
C. Stalin hoped to improve the Soviet economy.
D. Stalin wanted consumers to have more choices.
C
Stalin felt the economy of the Soviet Union would improve if it became industrialized quickly. In order to achieve rapid industrialization, Stalin expanded the government’s role in the economy. Stalin implemented the Five Year Plans, under which the government took control of agricultural and industrial production. The government decided what goods were to be produced and decided on the quantity that were to be made.
The USSR pledged which of the following at the Yalta Conference in February of 1945?
A. to foster communism in nations taken from Germany
B. to disarm as quickly as possible once the war ended
C. to open a second front in the war by invading France
D. to attack Japan within three months of German surrender
D
During the Yalta Conference of February 1945, the USSR pledged to join the fight against Japan within three months of the German surrender. The USSR also agreed during the Yalta and Potsdam conferences that they would allow free elections to take place in the countries they liberated from the Nazis. They later went back on this agreement, forcing countries like Poland to form communist governments. Another important development of the Yalta Conference was the creation of the United Nations.
- Increase international security
- Promote economic growth
- Support human rights
- Achieve world peace
What organization works towards the goals listed above?
A. Warsaw Pact
B. European Economic Community
C. United Nations
D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
C
The United Nations was designed to gather leaders of nations together and cooperate to increase communication and avoid future wars. The United Nations had 51 nations represented in its first meeting in 1946. By 2006, it had grown to 192 members.
Which international organization was formed to set policies related to crude oil production?
A. WTO
B. OPEC
C. UN
D. NATO
B
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in 1960. The 12 countries that are members of OPEC are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OPEC regulates oil production and prices.
What effect did Communist China have on military struggles during the Cold War?
A.
China was controlled by the Soviet Russian army throughout the Cold War.
B.
China was the first communist country to build and test a nuclear weapon.
C.
China contributed to communist forces in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
D.
China attempted to spread communism to Asia without using violence
C
In both the Korean and Vietnam Wars, Chinese soldiers assisted communist governments that were fighting non-communist governments. China was geographically close to these countries and had an even greater interest in Asia than the Soviet Union did.
- Leader of the Indochinese Communist Party
- Began an independence movement in Vietnam in 1941
- President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 to 1969
Which of the following Asian leaders is described above?
A. Mao Zedong
B. Mohandas Gandhi
C. Ho Chi Minh
D. Chiang Kai-shek
C
Ho Chi Minh was the leader of the Indochinese Communist Party as well as President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 to 1969. In 1941, he began an independence movement in Vietnam, formerly known as French Indochina. In 1945, Ho Chi Minh issued the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Vietnamese fought the French for independence until 1954.
In 1979, who inspired a revolution against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran and then became leader of Iran?
A. Anwar Sadat
B. Saddam Hussein
C. Ayatollah Khomeini
D. Yasser Arafat
C
In 1979, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a Shiite religious leader, started a revolution and overthrew the shah of Iran. Ayatollah Khomeini felt that the shah had allowed too much Western influence in Iran, and he wanted Iran to return to Muslim traditions. Ayatollah Khomeini became the leader of Iran and formed a government that was based on Muslim values.
Which of these is a consequence of urbanization?
A. Disease is a bigger problem in rural areas with less people.
B. People in the urbanized areas have less information on preventing disease and illness.
C. Populations in crowded areas tend to act less like each other and adopt healthier lifestyles.
D. Sanitation issues and contagious viruses in crowded environments cause increased disease.
D
When a lot of people live close together, things tend to be dirtier and illnesses tend to spread faster than in places where people live far apart.
Which of the following greatly contributed to South Korea’s economic miracle?
A. massive foreign aid
B. World War II
C. the fall of communism
D. rapid industrialization
D
South Korea, which had been severely damaged during the Korean War, began to introduce new, modern technologies into its industries during the 1960s. Moreover, the proceeds from these new developments were used to further industrial expansion. This exponential growth resulted in the nation’s real gross domestic product expanding by an average of more than 8 percent per year. The GDP broke the trillion dollar mark in 2007.
- commercial logging
- need for new farmland
- urban sprawl
The items listed above all contribute to
A. deforestation.
B. inflation.
C. globalization.
D. diversification.
A
Deforestation occurs when large areas of forests are cut down and not replanted. The land that had previously been a forest is then used as farmland or to make room for an expanding city. Many plants and animals have lost their habitats because of the loss of rainforests.
Which of the following is a way the Internet has impacted the Earth’s physical environment?
A. It has helped to decrease pollution in the air.
B. It has helped others to form new friendships.
C. It has helped to boost the world’s economy.
D. It has helped to create new jobs for people.
A
The Internet has allowed people to shop, work, bank, watch movies, play games, and take courses online from home. This helps to decrease the negative impact that air pollution from automobiles has on our environment.
What best describes the Mandate of Heaven?
A. A government could rule only with the will of the people.
B. The gods would only allow good and just leaders to rule.
C. Religious leaders had the authority to select emperors.
D. Those with the most powerful armies had the right to lead.
B
The Mandate of Heaven was the Chinese belief that gods would only allow a dynasty to rule so long as it was good and moral. The Zhou Dynasty claimed that the gods had allowed them to defeat the Shang because the Shang were no longer moral. When the Qin Dynasty came to power by defeating the Zhou, they claimed that the Zhou had become unjust and had lost the Mandate of Heaven.
Descartes is considered the “father of modern philosophy.” His most famous work was a book written in 1637 known as
A. Leviathan.
B. Discourse on Method.
C. Utopia.
D. Rights of Man.
B
Descartes is well-known for his work Discourse on Method, which was published in 1637. One of the most famous and influential lines, “Je pense, donc je suis,” translates to “I think, therefore I am.” Descartes began his reasoning by calling everything into doubt, allowing him to see the world from a fresh perspective.
King Philip II of the Spain was not the typical monarch of the 16th century because
A. he allowed his territories to practice multiple types of religion.
B. he lived in a colony in the Americas and ruled Spain from there.
C. he had constitutional restraints unlike most other monarchs.
D. he constantly suffered from Tuberculosis throughout his reign.
C
Philip II of Spain was unlike most monarchs of his time because he had constitutional restraints on his power. Spain was a federation containing many small states, which constitutionally had the right to create local laws. In the 1500 and 1600s, Spanish territory and the states were governed by the lords living in each realm. The local lords often followed their own laws, which undermined Philip’s power. Phillip was less effective because of the constitutional restraints and the lord’s disobedience.
