Global 1 Flashcards
How were early humans’ lives impacted by the domestication of goats?
A. They could defend themselves from invaders.
B. They had a way to build better buildings.
C. They had a new method of transportation.
D. They had a new source of food.
D
With the domestication of goats, early humans had a new source of food. They could use goats for milk and meat. When people started raising their own animals, they no longer had to rely solely on hunting as their source of meat.
Hunter-gatherers changed their landscapes to either encourage or discourage plant growth or to provide habitat for animals they hunted. Which of these systems did early Stone Age people use?
A. cultivation and fallow
B. cross-pollination
C. canals and drainage
D. slash and burn
D
Slash and burn (cutting and burning) was used not only to clear fields for agriculture in the late Stone Age but was also used in the early Stone Age by hunters-gatherers to change the landscape to encourage useful plants to grow. They would also slash and burn the landscape to discourage the growth of undesirable plants or to create an environment that would attract their prey.
Humans’ main source of food during the early Paleolithic Era was
A. from the sea.
B. from raising livestock and cattle.
C. from farming and growing crops.
D. from hunting and gathering.
D
Early humans got their food by hunting animals or scavenging dead animals and gathering foods such as nuts, berries, and fruits. A lack of agricultural skills required them to depend upon what they could find to eat.
Which of the following best describes selective breeding?
A. choosing to breed animals with favorable traits
B. being largely uninvolved in the breeding process
C. randomly choosing which animals to breed
D. breeding as many animals as possible
A
The domestication of animals involved breeding animals with certain traits that were desired. By carefully selecting which animals to breed, people could choose to breed animals that might be stronger, produce more meat or milk, or be tamer.
Which of the following were the first tools that Paleolithic people used?
A. stone axes
B. plows
C. copper axes
D. wooden digging sticks
D
The first tools that humans used were wooden sticks to dig roots and tubers out of the ground. The use of tools is one of the first technological advancements of the early humans.
The development of agriculture led to
A. an increase in the number of nomads.
B. more reliable sources of food.
C. a decrease in population.
D. less sophisticated societies.
B
The development of agriculture gave the people of the Neolithic Era a more reliable source of food. People no longer had to rely on hunting and gathering their food. By growing crops and raising animals, people were able to establish permanent settlements and develop civilizations.
In which country did Buddhism originate?
A. Japan
B. Russia
C. Egypt
D. India
D
Buddhism is based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama. He lived in India around 500 B.C. The religion spread from India to other parts of Asia, in part because the Silk Road made it possible for people to travel over long distances.
On which of these character traits is Confucianism based?
A. justice
B. courage
C. honesty
D. love
C
Confucianism is based on different levels of honesty. The first level of honesty is Li—a person is honest because it benefits them. The second level is Yi—a person is honest out of obligation or duty. The third and deepest level is Ren—honesty out of consideration for what others may think or feel.
Which of the following is one way that the people living in Mesopotamia adapted to their physical environment?
A. They used crop rotation to maintain the soil.
B. They built canals to irrigate their crops.
C. They planted huge forests to have a source for wood.
D. They used terrace farming in the mountains.
D
Muslim scientists made major advances in the field of optics. This helped them to treat which part of the body?
A. the ears
B. the lungs
C. the heart
D. the eyes
D
Muslim scientist Ibn al-Haytham wrote the Book of Optics which included new discoveries on how vision works. Because Muslim scientists understood how eyes worked, they made advances in eye surgery. This was one of the many contributions that Muslim scientists made to the field of medicine.
What caused Christianity to spread to Britain, Ireland, and northern Europe?
A. Most Christians migrated north to escape the Roman Empire.
B. Christian emperors from Rome conquered these regions.
C. Missionaries brought Christian teachings to these places.
D. People read about Christianity in books and other writings.
C
Catholic missionaries spread their Christian teachings to different parts of the world. In about the 5th century, these teachings began to take a firm hold in Ireland, Britain, and northern Europe. Catholicism continued to influence these areas through the Middle Ages.
Kublai Khan was successful in which of the following during his time as the Great Khan?
A. He agreed to share power with other Khans in order to rule more territory in Asia.
B. He completed successful invasions of Japan, Vietnam, and the Korean peninsula.
C. He conquered the last of the Song Dynasty and brought China under Mongol rule.
D. He united the Mongol tribes into a single empire and conquered neighboring lands.
C
Kublai Khan began his conquest of areas of China even before he was named Great Khan. Following his rise to power, he continued his campaign and eventually succeeded. In 1279, the Song Dynasty was defeated and Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty in China.
Which of the following factors contributed to Axum’s rise in power?
A. It was able to conquer neighboring civilizations because of its strong military.
B. It was located on an important trade route linking the Roman Empire with India.
C. It was the home of a large university and many scholars came there to study.
D. It was the most technologically advanced society at the time.
B
The Kingdom of Axum grew in wealth and power because of its location on a major trade route between the Roman Empire and India. An inland trading route brought African goods such as ivory, incense, and gold to the city of Adulis, a port on the Red Sea. Most African exports came through this city.
Which of these is a defining element of the Renaissance?
A. the return to the Dark Ages
B. the return to “classical” thought
C. the dominance of feudalism
D. the return to idol worship
B
The Renaissance brought back many of the components of “classical” Greek society: love for art, literature, and the pursuit of humanism.
The Ming Dynasty came to power in 1368 A.D. While in power, several of the rulers started projects to revitalize and rebuild China. An example of this is
A. an introduction of art into Chinese society.
B. a resurgence of traditional social practices.
C. the rebuilding of the Great Wall of China.
D. the reconstruction of the Shaolin temple.
C
During the reign of the Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, many revitalization projects were attempted. One example is the restoration of the collapsed areas and additions to the length of the Great Wall of China. As a result of the new construction, the Great Wall is over 2,000 miles long, 25 feet high, and 12 feet wide at the top.
What was the effect of Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the West Indies in 1492?
A. Europe decided to isolate itself from the rest of the world.
B. Other European countries sent explorers to claim land in the New World.
C. The native people began sailing across the Atlantic to trade with Europe.
D. Spain eventually gained control over all of North and South America.
B
After Columbus’ discovery of the New World, other European nations began sponsoring explorations of their own. In 1497, John Cabot, who was sailing for the English, explored Newfoundland. In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River while looking for the Northwest Passage. In 1609, the Dutch sent Henry Hudson to find the Northwest Passage.
Caesar Augustus’ reign had several achievements that included
A. making Christianity an official religion of the Roman Empire.
B. setting up special courts for Roman slaves to regain their freedom.
C. making military service voluntary for men between ages 18 and 40.
D. expanding the empire and extending trade routes to India and China.
D
Caesar Augustus used his power to expand the empire to easily defended, natural borders which remained in place for the next 400 years. He also established trade routes to the Far East, bringing to Rome exotic goods like silk and spices.
Sunni Muslims believe that, after the death of the Prophet Mohammed, the new leader of the Muslim nation should be
A. Mohammed’s brother.
B. chosen by Mohammed.
C. a descendant of Mohammed.
D. elected by the community.
D
Sunni Muslims refer to many oral traditions in which Mohammed is said to have suggested elections as ways of making decisions in the Muslim community. Mohammed did not appoint a successor, so the Muslim community chose Abu Bakr, a close friend and advisor of Mohammed, as the new leader.
The cart, the wagon, the chariot, and a new type of pottery are related to which general invention?
A. bronze working
B. the wheel
C. the plow
D. irrigation
B
Ancient Sumer may have been the first civilization to use the wheel. Sumerian pottery wheels made the practice of pottery easier, wheeled carts and wagons helped carry things, and early wheeled chariots let soldiers move faster in battle.
Which of these describes the Sunnah?
A. reflections on the Islamic legal system
B. the words spoken to Muhammad by Allah
C. reports on the actions and behaviors of Muhammad
D. the sacred text of the Islamic religion
C
Within the sacred text of the Islamic faith, there is a text known as the Sunnah. This text includes hundreds of individual reports on the actions and behaviors of Muhammad during his lifetime. Each of the reports is known as a Hadith.
The responsibility of vassals included
A. an agreement to keep the lower classes under control.
B. the payment of taxes to the king or queen of the country.
C. the promise to spread the Christian faith to their lands.
D. an oath of loyalty and a pledge of military service.
D
The vassal’s submission to the authority of the lord and his willingness to provide military support formed the basis of medieval politics. This oath of loyalty was made official in a ceremony, in which the vassal pledged to pay homage to the lord or monarch. The lord, in turn, provided land to the vassal.
Elizabeth I ensured that England was able to rule itself as a nation-state and stay separate from which of the following?
A. the Church of England
B. the Spanish Inquisition
C. the Italian Renaissance
D. the Catholic Church
D
During the Middle Ages and even into the early modern period, the Catholic Church had enormous power in Europe and ruled many of the countries there, even if indirectly. England is an example of a such a country as the Catholic Church had a large influenced there until the mid-1500s. Henry VIII is well-known for his break with the Church, which established his rule over England without outside interference. His daughter, Elizabeth I, continued these policies, protecting England’s right to govern itself as a sovereign nation-state.
Which of the following was a result of the Muslim Conquests?
A. Muslims were thought of as peaceful and unwilling to fight.
B. Muslims became known as brutal and cruel invaders.
C. Islam lost influence as Arabs converted to local religions.
D. Islam was spread throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe.
D
Islam began in the Arab cities of Mecca and Medina, from where it expanded to the entire Arabian peninsula. Sometimes Islam spread through peaceful traders, but other times it was spread through war. After Muhammad’s death, other Muslim leaders continued expanding by conquering the Middle East, Persia, Southeastern Europe, North Africa, and Spain. When Muslim armies conquered an area, they brought the religion of Islam with them. Unlike other invaders, the Muslims did not force conquered people to convert; they only required non-Muslims to pay a tax.
Which of the following people called on all Christian warriors to fight against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land?
A. Pope Urban II
B. Charlemagne
C. Richard the Lionheart
D. Saladin
A
In the 600s AD, the Holy Land in the Middle East fell to Arab invaders. At first, Christians and Jews were allowed to live in Jerusalem, a holy city, as long as they paid taxes and followed certain restrictions. In the late 1000s AD, however, the Seljuk Turks captured the city and threatened the cities of the Byzantine Empire, a Christian empire near the Middle East. In 1095 AD, Pope Urban II called for an army of Christian warriors to go retake this land, resulting in the First Crusade.
Prince Shotoku was known to help spread which of the following religions throughout Japan?
A. Buddhism
B. Shintoism
C. Taoism
D. Christianity
A
Buddhism spread through Japan largely because of the influence of Prince Shotoku. He was a Buddhist and wanted more people to embrace the religion. Buddhism was not a new religion in Japan at this time, but it was not very popular and people were more likely to stick to the traditional Shinto beliefs. Prince Shotoku, however, attempted to change this by building a Buddhist temple and by writing commentaries on Buddhist teachings. During his reign, Buddhist ideas became very popular with Japanese nobles.
Because of its location, Mogadishu became a major port and center of trade off which body of water?
A. the Indian Ocean
B. the Black Sea
C. the Pacific Ocean
D. the Mediterranean Sea
A
Mogadishu was a major port on the Indian Ocean. Mogadishu was one of several important Muslim city-states that was located on the east coast of Africa. Shipping routes linked Mogadishu to other cities on the Indian Ocean. Mogadishu was able to trade for goods from India and trade with other city-states in Africa.
Which of the following led to the decline of the Axum Empire in the 7th century A.D.?
A. Disease spread through the empire killing a large amount of the population.
B. The people of Axum became displeased with their king and revolted against him.
C. Axum had grown so large it was having difficulties maintaining control over vast distances.
D. Muslims conquered other areas in Africa and cut off Axum from its lucrative trade routes.
D
Although Axum was never conquered, the Muslim conquest of neighboring areas impacted the empire. Axum was a Christian empire, and it became isolated as surrounding areas became Muslim. Muslims eventually took over the trade routes which had been a major source of income for Axum.
The Ming Dynasty stopped sea exploration and contact with other countries in order to
A. distance China from foreign influences.
B. increase China’s domestic profits.
C. revitalize the Chinese trade system.
D. focus on expanding Chinese territory.
A
Several emperors of the Ming Dynasty desired China to be a nation independent from the rest of the world. One Ming emperor ended foreign trade, Chinese exploration, and cut China off from the world so that it could be separate from European influences and preserve Chinese traditions.
Which of the following was one of the effects of the Ottoman Empire taking over the trade routes that connected Europe with Asia?
A. Europeans began producing more goods to export to Asia.
B. Europeans were completely cut off from trading with Asia.
C. Europeans began looking for new sea routes to Asia.
D. Traders from Asia began selling their goods directly to Europeans.
C
The Ottoman Empire was in an important location because the trade routes from Europe to Asia went through the empire. Europeans imported many goods from Asia such as silk and spices. These goods were transported over land routes from Asia, and the goods were quite expensive by the time they reached Asia. Europeans became interested in trading directly with Asia and began looking for new sea routes to Asia.
Much of the terrain of the Inca Empire was mountainous. How did this affect crop growing in empire?
A. Incas were not able to grow crops because the climate was too cold.
B. Incas were only able to grow crops in flat, low-lying areas.
C. Incas grew a small amount of crops but relied on imports to feed most people.
D. Incas used terrace farming on the sides of hills and mountains.
D
Even though the Incas did have much land that was suited for farming, they were able to adapt to their mountainous terrain by building terrace farms. They were able to increase the amount of land on which they could farm, and they were able to grow enough food to feed themselves.
Which of the following religions was embraced by Emperor Ashoka (also known as Ashoka the Great)?
A. Islam
B. Buddhism
C. Hinduism
D. Jainism
B
Emperor Ashoka, also known as Ashoka the Great, expanded the Mauryan Empire during the early parts of his rule. He had a religious awakening after a particularly violent conquest of an area known as Kalinga. Though he was successful in conquering the area, the violence disturbed him. In response, he turned away from war and violence in general, embracing the ideals of Buddhism.
At the end of the last ice age, as glaciers retreated in northern Europe, what caused people to move north into the areas uncovered by the ice sheets?
A. Invaders from the Middle East pushed people farther north.
B. Glacial till (debris) provided building materials for houses.
C. Rising water in the south forced people to higher ground.
D. Animal herds moved north, and hunter-gatherers followed.
D
As the glaciers retreated, animals the hunter-gatherers hunted moved into the open areas to graze. People followed them, and as the animals continued to move north, societies moved with them and eventual settled there to be close to their prey.
Which of the following best describes cuneiform, the writing system used by the Mesopotamians?
A. It is the first known use of an alphabet.
B. It was only used in religious texts.
C. It is the basis of most modern writing systems.
D. It used pictographs to express ideas.
D
Cuneiform did not use an alphabet but used pictographs instead. Cuneiform was used to keep track of various items such as business transactions and tax records.
