Global - (1.1) Intro to international marketing Flashcards
What were the most important changes in global marketing last years (and which drivers)?
Covid 19 + War Ukraine
- E commerce > more sales
- Digital firms grow in market capitalization
( value shares * number of shares )
- Soaring energy prices
- Launch of chatGPT > AI influences sales and marketing
What are the current threads for global trade?
- Pandemics = impact on globalization, diverse opinions
- Politics and wars > trade war between US and China, Russia gets isolated from the western world, brands react (especially in Europe)
- Singular events like the block of the Suez canal
How to describe international marketing?
= marketing activities a company undertakes when it conducts business operations in more than one country
> design and realize market activities for customers located in more than one country
> establish favourable conditions to implement activities across countries
What are groups of conditions along the international market environment?
- Technological market conditions
- Political-legal market conditions
- Socialcultural market conditions
Explain the technological market conditions.
ICT and amount of internet users –> affect the best way of targeting people.
Explain the political legal market conditions.
- Free trade zones / tarrifs
- Cross-national harmonization of legal regulations ex. GDPR
- Country risks measured by=
> ICRG index for political risks and economic and financial risks
> Corruption perception index (abuse of power for gains)
Explain the socialcultural market conditions.
Culture = collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another.
> Hofstede”s 6 cultural dimensions = research project from IBM about national culture differences across subsidiaries of a multinational corporation in 64 countries.
Give the 6 dimensions of Hofstede
1) Power distance
2) Individualism VS collectivism
3) Masculinity VS feminity
4) Uncertainty avoidance
5) Long termism VS short termism
6) Indulgence VS restrained
Explain the Hofstede dimension “power distance”
Extent in which individuals are willing to accept inequality in their society
> High score = differences in wealth are accepted ex. Japan
> Low score = inequality is not easily accepted ex. Sweden
Explain the Hofstede dimension “individualism VS collectivism”
Extent to which people in a society are focused on individual achievements and accomplishments as opposed to the overal success of the group to which they belong
> Indiv = focus on people’s interests and success, you get rewarded for own initiative and ability to be independent
> Collect = interests of the group are highly rewarded, you get rewarded for good teamwork
Explain the Hofstede dimension “masculinty VS feminity”
Extent to which a society tends to empathize maculine values like succes and performance or feminine values like nurturing and care for others
>Masc = Japan
>Fem = Scandinavia
Explain the Hofstede dimension “uncertainty avoidance”
Extent to which indiv expect to be guided by formal rules and regulations
> High in Belgium (structure and regulation expectede)
> Low in UK, Sweden (no to bureacracy, emrace situations with unknown consequences, risk taking)
Explain the Hofstede dimension “long termism VS short termism”
Extent of importance attached to the future VS the past and present
> LONG = perseverance, sense of shame, long term horizon in investment decisions (Japan)
> SHORT = valuing more and rapid solutions to solve issues, only quarterly profit expectations in business (mostly less developed nations)
Explain the Hofstede dimension “indulgence VS restrained”
Extent to which a society allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun
> Indulgence = focus on happiness and wellbeing, importance for leisure and freedom (Mexico)
> Restrained = perception that life is hard, normal state of being is duty (Germany)
Explain the specific relation between a few cultural dimensions and marketing concepts
- Uncertainty avoidance — customer innovativeness
- Masculinty +++ customer innovativeness
- Individualism +++ customer innovativeness
- Power distance belief — impulsive buying