Glaucoma Vol. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What condition is associated with hypopigmented lesions (“ash leaf spot”) and red-brown macular rash of the face and chin?

A

Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville syndrome)

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2
Q

What condition is associated with causing a “bag of worms” lesion and S-shaped deformity of the upper eyelid?

A

Plexiform neuroma (type I neurofibromatosis)

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3
Q

What condition is associated with glaucoma in a child with yellow or orange papules of the head and neck?

A

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG)

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4
Q

What condition is associated with glaucoma and hyperpigmentation of the periocular skin?

A

Oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota)

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5
Q

What condition is associated with glaucoma, peg-like teeth, and maxillary hypoplasia?

A

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome

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6
Q

What condition is associated with increased lOP, port-wine stain, and hemifacial hypertrophy?

A

Encephalofacial angiomatosis (eg. Sturge-Weber)

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7
Q

What condition is associated with increased lOP, cutaneous hemangiomas and hypertrophied limb?

A

Klippei-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome

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8
Q

What condition is associated with chronically elevated lOP and significantly dilated episcleral veins?

A

AV fistula

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9
Q

What medication is associated with causing black andenochrome deposits of the conjunctiva?

A

Epinephrine

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10
Q

What condition should be suspected in a patient with glaucoma and punctate inferonasal epithelial corneal defects?

A

Medication toxicity

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11
Q

What is the cause of enlargement of the cornea in patients with congenital glaucoma?

A

Breaks in Descemet’s membrane (Haab striae)

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12
Q

What type of refractive error is associated with increased risk of pigment dispersion?

A

Myopia

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13
Q

What part of the angle is increased pigmentation most common?

A

Inferior angle

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14
Q

Name 2 conditions associated with increased pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork.

A

1.Pigment dispersion syndrome 2. Exfoliation syndrome

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15
Q

What is the S-shaped eyelid deformity of type I neurofibromatosis highly associated with?

A

Risk of glaucoma

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16
Q

What is the average diameter of the optic nerve head?

A

1.5 mm

17
Q

Name the 3 types of retinal ganglion calls (RGC).

A

1.Magnocellular (M calls) 2. Parvocellular (P calls} 3. Koniocellular (bistratifiad cells}

18
Q

What type of RGC have the largest dendritic field?

A

M cells

19
Q

What is the primary function of M cells?

A

Detection of motion

20
Q

What is the most abundant type of RGC?

A

P cells (approx. 80%)

21
Q

What gonioscopy finding is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome?

A

Anteriorly displaced Schawalbe line

22
Q

What is arterial supply of the optic nerve?

A

Ophthalmic artery via the posterior ciliary artery

23
Q

What type of cataract is associated with long-term corticosteroid use?

A

Posterior subcapsular cataract

24
Q

How many retinal ganglion cells does the optic nerve contain?

A

Approx. 1.2 - 1.5 million

25
Q

Where do the retinal ganglion cells synapse?

A

In the lateral geniculate nucleus

26
Q

What is the primary function of P cells?

A

Color vision and fine detail

27
Q

What is the primary function of koniocellular neurons?

A

Blue-yellow differentiation

28
Q

Name the 4 layers of the optic nerve.

A

1.Nerve fiber 2.Prelaminar 3.Laminar 4.Retrolaminar

29
Q

Where does the central retinal artery penetrate the optic nerve?

A

10-15 mm behind the globe

30
Q

What layer of the optic nerve lies adjacent to the sclera?

A

Lamina cribrosa

31
Q

Where does focal atrophy of the optic nerve most typically occur in early glaucoma?

A

Superior and inferior temporal poles

32
Q

What type of peripapillary atrophy is associated with glaucoma?

A

Beta-zone atrophy

33
Q

What type of refractive error is associated with alpha-zone peripapillary?

A

Myopia

34
Q

What causes the appearance of beta-zone peripapillary atrophy?

A

Complete loss of choriocapillaries and RPE