glaucoma drugs Flashcards
glaucoma drugs - classes
- α-agonists 2. β-blockers 3. diuretics
4. cholinomimetics 5. Prostagladin
glaucoma drugs - α agonists - drugs (and receptors)
epinephrine (α1)
Brimonidine (α2)
glaucoma drugs - α1-agonists - do not use in (and why)
in closed - angle glaucoma
Mydriasis
glaucoma drugs - α-agonists - side effects
- Mydriasis (α1 epinephrine) 2. Blurry vision 3. ocular hyperemia
- foreign body sensation 5. ocular pruritus
- ocular allergic reaction
glaucoma drugs - α-agonists - action on glaucoma
α2 –> decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of nonpigmented epithelium on ciliary body
α1 –> vasoconstriction –> decrease aqueous humor synthesis
glaucoma drugs - β-blockers - action on glaucoma
decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of nonpigmented epithelium on ciliary body
glaucoma drugs - β-blockers - side effects
no papillary or vision changes
glaucoma drugs - β-blockers - drugs
- timolol
- betaxolol
- carteolol
glaucoma drugs - diuretics drug
acetazolamide
glaucoma drugs - acetazolamide mechanism of action
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor –> decreases aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of nonpigmented epithelium on ciliary body
glaucoma drugs - acetazolamide side effects
no papillary or vision changes
glaucoma drugs - prostagladin (PGF2a) - drugs
- Bimatoprost
2. latanoprost
PGF2a drug for glaucoma - mechanism of action
increases outflow of aqueous humor through the Uveoscleral outflow
glaucoma drugs - PGF2a - side effect
- Darkness of color of iris (browning)
2. eyelash growth
glaucoma drugs - cholinomimetics are divided to (and which drugs)
direct –> a. pilocarpine b. carbachol
indirect –> a. physostigmine c. echothiophate
glaucoma drugs - cholinomimetics side effects
- Miosis
2. cyclospasm
cyclospasm?
contraction of cilliary muscle
glaucoma drugs - cholinomimetics action on glaucoma
increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork (M3)
glaucoma - in emergencies - drug? (and why)
pilocarpine
very effective at opening meshwork into canal Schlemm
glaucoma - drugs that decrease aqueous humor synthesis
- α - agonists
- β - blockers
- acetazolamide
glaucoma - drugs that increase aqueous humor outflow
- cholomimetics
2. Prostagladins
cilliary muscle contraction - receptors
M3
splinter muscle of iris - receptor
M3
dilator muscle of iris
a1
ciliary epithelium - function (and receptors)
produces aqueous humor (β receptors)
Conjunctivitis - treatment
bacterial –> antibiotics
viral –> self resolving
nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy - treatment
- blood sugar control
2. macular laser
treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- anti - VEGF (bevacizumab)
- peripheral retinal photocoagulation
- surgery
Central retinal artery occlusion - management
evaluate for embolic source (carotid artery, atherosclerosis, cardiac vegetations, patent foramen ovale
retinal breaks - management
surgical emergency
