Glaucoma Flashcards
What is a progressive, neurdegenerative eye disease that results in visual field disurbance & irreversible blindness?
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is characterized by?
- death of retinal ganglion cells
- characteristic optic nerve cupping
- corresponding visual field defect
What is the normal optic nerve size?
1.0-1.5cm
Where does early glaucoma damage happen?
Superior & inferior poles
What is the functional change on the visual field wherein there is damage to the inferior rim of the optic nerve?
Superior arcuate defect
What are the clinical presentations considered in dxing glaucoma?
2 out of 3 should be present
1. Abormal eye pressure (N: 10-21mmHg)
2. Optic nerve damage
3. Visual field damage
What are glaucoma suspects?
No glaucoma but pressure is suspiciously high for the eye
Suspicious optic nerve damage
Suspicious visual field damage
What are the diff types of glaucoma?
Primary open angle glaucoma: HIGH tension glaucoma (21-50mmHg) & LOW tension glaucoma (10-20mmHg)
Primary angle closure glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
Childhood glaucoma
During visual acuity and refractive status examination of the eye, what is the more likely form of glaucoma developed in far and near-sighted px?
Near-sighted/myopic px = open angle glaucoma
Far-sighted/hyperopic px = angle closure glaucoma
What are the possible results of tonometry?
Soft = normal IOP (tip of the nose)
Softer = low IOP (lips)
Hard/firm = high IOP = glabella
What aer the landmarks of the angles?
Anterior -> Posterior
Schwalbe’s line
Trabecular meshwork
Scleral spur
Ciliary body band
What is the best way to view the optic nerve?
Slit lamp with a fundus lens
What are the optic nerve features in glaucoma?
Recognize normal findings and nerve asymmetry
Enlarged vertical cup-disc ratio
What finding during optic nerve evaluation is normall seen in normal tension glaucoma?
Disc hemorrhag
What is the hallmark of glaucoma?
Progressive cupping
