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Ophthalmology > Disorders Of The Cornea > Flashcards

Disorders Of The Cornea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different causes of blurring of vision?

A

Disruption of the transmission of light
Disturbance in the refraction of lught

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2
Q

What are the diff causes of disturbance in the refraction of light?

A

Abnormalities of the corneal epithelium and tear film
Abnormaltiies of corneal size, shape, or curvature

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3
Q

What are the causes of disruption in the transmission of light?

A

Corneal scars
Corneal edema
Corneal deposits
Corneal melt
Corneal tumor

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4
Q

What is the corneal presentation of corneal scars?

A

Fibrosis and new collagen fibril formation

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5
Q

What are the diff cause sof corneal scars?

A

Microbial keratitis
Corneal trauma
Exposure keratopathy
Lid margin and lash disorders
Congenital corneal scars

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of lid margin disorders?

A

Entropion - eyelash directed iNWARD
Ectropion - eyelids directed OUTWARD

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7
Q

What is a type of anterior segment dygensis that presents with cornela leukoma w/ defects in posterior stroma, Descemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium?

A

Peter’s anomaly

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8
Q

What type of edema is due to pump failure of the endothelium or innermost layer of the cornea?

A

Corneal edema

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9
Q

What are the clinical presentation of corneal edema?

A

Blurring of vision, recurrent eye pain, redness, foreign body sensation, and tearing

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10
Q

What are the causes of corneal edema?

A

Endothelial dystrophy
Surgical trauma
Chronic elevation if IOP (glaucoma)

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of endothelial dystrophy that casues corneal edema?

A

Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy
- congenital bilateral, ground-glass appearance

Fuch’s endothelial dystrophy = >50 yrs, females

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12
Q

What are the causes of corneal deposits?

A

Corneal dystrophy
Lipid keratopathy
Calcific band keratopathy
Corneal staining
Metabolic disorders

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13
Q

What is the appearance of lipid keratopathy?

A

Yellow or cream-colored located at the corneal stromal layer

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14
Q

What are the cause of calcific band keratopathy?

A

Chronic inflammation like anterior uveitis, high serum calcium and dsiorders in PO4 metabolism

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15
Q

What are the substance that deposits at the bowman’s layer of eyes with Calcific Band Keratopathy?

A

Ca hydroxyapatite at the 3 and 9 oclock area with a Swiss cheese pattern

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16
Q

What are the clinical presentation of Corneal Staining?

A

Heme deposiiton in the corneal stroma due to blunt eye trauma or bleeding problems w/ high eye pressure

Central golden brown to yellow discoid opacity on the cornea

17
Q

What are the causes of Corneal melt?

A

Vitamin A deficiency
Alkali chemical burns

18
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Vit A deficiency leading to corneal melth?

A

Xerophthalmia
Xerosis (dry conjunctiva)
Bitot’s spots
Corneal ulcers and scars

19
Q

What are the causes of corneal tumors?

A

Dermoid choristoma
Corneal intraepithelial neoplasia
Pterygium

20
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Demoid Choristoma?

A

Congenital lesion that is smooth, elevated, fleshy colored, oval to round solid mass on top of the cornea and sclera

Dermoids - fibrous tissue and hair w/ sebaceous gland

21
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Corneal Intraepithelial neoplasia?

A

translucent, frosted, epithelial sheet starting from the limbus extending to the cornea with fimbriated or scalloped borders and pseudopodia=like exntesions

22
Q

What virus causes Corneal intraepithelial neoplasia?

A

HPV

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Pterygium?

A

Triangular or wing-shaped fold
Benign conjunctival lesion behaves malignantly

24
Q

What should be checked if there area abnormalities in the corneal epithelium and tear film?

A

Presence of cracks, smudges
(Should be smooth)

25
Q

What are the clinical presentation of Dry eye syndrome?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and BOV)

26
Q

What is the tx for abnormalities of corneal size, shape, or curvature?

A

Rigid contact lenses

27
Q

What are the causes of corneal distortions?

A

Previous refractive procedures
Astigmatic keratotomies
Peripheral scars
Conjunctival lesions

Ophthalmology (4 decks)

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