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Maria's Renal Pharm Cards > Glasgow > Flashcards

Glasgow Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Type: Mannitol

A

Osmotic Diuretic

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2
Q

Drug Type: Isosorbide

A

Osmotic Diuretic

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3
Q

Drug Type: Urea

A

Osmotic Diuretic

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4
Q

Drug Type:Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic Inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter in Thick Ascending Loop

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5
Q

Drug Type: Butemanide

A

Loop Diuretic Inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter in Thick Ascending Loop

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6
Q

Drug Type: Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop Diuretic Inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter in Thick Ascending Loop

*** (ototox)

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7
Q

Drug Type: Torsemide

A

Loop Diuretic Inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter in Thick Ascending Loop

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8
Q

Drug Type: indapamide

A

Thiazide diuretic inhibit reabsorption in early distal tubule

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9
Q

Drug Type: Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide diuretic inhibit reabsorption in early distal tubule

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10
Q

Drug Type: Quinethazone

A

Thiazide diuretic inhibit reabsorption in early distal tubule

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11
Q

Drug Type: metolazone

A

Thiazide diuretic inhibit reabsorption in early distal tubule

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12
Q

MOA of Loop diuretics

A

Inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter

Furosemide***, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid***, Torsemide

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13
Q

MOA of thiazide diuretics

A

inhibit reabsorption in early distal tubule; decrease diluting capacitiy of nephron. decrease Ca2+ excretion. Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone, Quinethazone

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14
Q

MOA of spironolactone and eplernone

A

competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule

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15
Q

MOA of Triamterene and amiloride

A

block Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule (principal cells and connecting tubule cells)

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16
Q

T/I of Furosemide and ethycrinic acid

A

Ototoxicity, Gout hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa - furosemide), nephritis (interstitial)

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17
Q

Drug Type:Amiloride

A

K sparing Diuretic block Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule

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18
Q

Drug Type:Triamterene

A

K sparing Diuretic block Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule

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19
Q

Drug Type: Spironolactone

A

K sparing Diuretic competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule

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20
Q

Drug Type:Eplerenone

A

K sparing Diuretic competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule

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21
Q

Drug Type: Nesiritide

A

brain netriuretic peptide (diuretic)

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22
Q

MOA of Nesiritide

A

inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the inner medullary collecting duct .:. increase Na+ excretion; also inhibits RAA pathway

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23
Q

Effect of Loop Diuretics on urinary excretion of Na+ Cl- Ca2+ Mg2+ K+

A

Increase Na+ Increase Cl- Increase Ca2+ Increase Mg2+ Increase K+

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24
Q

Effect of Thiazide Diuretics on urinary excretion of Na+ Cl- Ca2+ K+

A

Increase Na+ Increase Cl- Decrease Ca2+ Increase K+

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25
Q

Effect of Potassium Sparing Diuretics on urinary excretion of Na+ K+ H+

A

Increase Na+ Decrease K+ Decrease H+

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26
Q

Effect of Nesiritide on urinary excretion of Na+

A

Increase Na+

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27
Q

Effect of Osmotic Diuretics on urinary excretion of Na+ Cl- Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ Phosphate

A

increase urinary excretion of ALL electrolytes

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28
Q

Indications for Osmotic Diuretics (Mannitol, Isorbide, Urea)

A

treatment of acute renal failure, reduction of intracranial and intraocular pressure treatment of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

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29
Q

Indications for Loop Diuretics (Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid, Torsemide)

A

pulmonary edema and other edematous states acute renal failure hypertension

30
Q

Indications for Thiazide Diuretics (Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone, Quinethazone)

A

hypertension edema calcium nephrolithiasis

31
Q

Indications for Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Amiloride, triamterene, spironolactone, eplernone)

A

in combination with other diuretics to treat hypertension, edema

32
Q

high ASA therapeutic dose tox leads to *** due to stimulation of *** in the CNS

A

respiratory alkalosis Respiratory center

33
Q

effect of ASA overdose on Ox Phos

A

uncouples

34
Q

High end toxic range of ASA leads to *** of the respiratory center leading to ***

A

depression combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis

35
Q

first Vit D hydroxylation occurs in the Which hydroxylation is it?

A

liver 25-OH

36
Q

second Vit d hydroxylation occurs in the Which hydroxylation is it?

A

kidney 1-OH

37
Q

What’s up with DHT (dihydrotachysterol)?

A

Does not need 1-OH for activation

38
Q

What’s up with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Already has 1-OH (like Doxercalciferol)

39
Q

What’s up with Doxercalciferol?

A

Already has 1-OH (Like 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol)

40
Q

Calcitriol analogs: reduces PTH without hypercalcemia used in chronic renal failure

A

paricalcitol

41
Q

Calcitriol analogs:suppressor of PTH gene expression, limited action on intestine and bone used in chronic renal failure, primary hyperparathyroidism low affinity for serum binding protein leads to shorter half-life than calcitriol

A

22-oxacalcitriol

42
Q

phosphate binding polymer

A

Sevelamer***

43
Q

“calcimimetic”; inhibits PTH secretion by enhancing the sensitivity of the CaSR - - lowers the Concentration of Ca+2 at which PTH secretion is suppressed approved for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure

A

Cinacalcet

44
Q

Drugs for acute Gout

A

colchecine*** and NSAIDS

45
Q

MOA of colchecine

A

interferes with mitotic spindle function

inhibits migration and phagocytic actions of granulocytes

inhibits neutrophil elaboration of inflammatory glycoprotein

***

46
Q

Drugs for chronic Gout

A

Allopurinol **

Febuxostate

Probenecid**

Rasburicase

47
Q

parent drug and metabolite alloxanthine inhibit xanthine oxidase, decrease uric acid synthesis drug interaction: inhibits metabolism of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine can be used with impaired renal function

A

Allopurinol***

for Chronic Gout

48
Q

nonpurine xanthine oxidase inhibitor liver function abnormalities, diarrhea, nausea

A

febuxostat For chronic gout

49
Q

uricosuric agent, inhibits uric acid renal tubular reabsorption developed to inhibit renal tubular secretion of penicillin multiple drug interactions by blocking renal secretion

A

probenecid***

For chronic gout

50
Q

recombinant urate oxidase that oxidizes uric acid into soluble and inactive metabolite allantoin used to manage plasma uric acid levels in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy (for leukemia, lymphoma, etc.) therapeutic efficacy may be limited by production of antibodies against drug

A

rasburicase For chronic gout

51
Q

inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity (2)

decrease dephosphorylation of NFAT

T-cell selective

renal toxicity

hyperglycemia with XXX

A

cyclosporine***/Tacrolimus

XXX = Tacrolimus

52
Q

same family as tacrolimus/cyclosporine blocks T cell response to cytokines inhibits a kinase involved in cell-cycle progression hyperlipidemia as adverse effect

A

sirolimus***

53
Q

closely related to sirolimus; shorter half-life quicker time to achieve steady-state concentration

A

everolimus***

54
Q

decreases purine biosynthesis fraudulent nucleotide allopurinol interaction

A

azathioprine/6MP***

55
Q

inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase decrease de novo purine biosynthesis T and B cell sensitive due to lack of salvage pathway related drug: mizoribine

A

mycophenolate mofetil

56
Q

inhibition of DHFR

A

methotrexate

57
Q

alkylates DNA Effects on rapidly proliferating cells

A

cyclophosphamide

58
Q

Mixture of cytotoxic antibodies to various CD molecules Adverse effects: fever, chills, hypotension

A

antithymocyte globulin

59
Q

Ab blocks binding of APC to T-cell Blocks T-cell function Decreases T cell number Initial stimulation of cytokine release syndrome

A

Muromonab CD3

60
Q

MABs against IL-2 receptor Blocks IL-2 mediated T-cell activation Potential anaphylactic reactions

A

Daclizumab/Basiliximab

61
Q

Autonomics: - contracts detrusor muscle of bladder - relaxes trigone and sphincter

A

M3 Receptor

62
Q

Autonomics: - relaxes bladder smooth muscle

A

beta 2

63
Q

Autonomics - contracts bladder base, urethral sphincter, prostate

A

alpha 1

64
Q

autonomics: - increases renin release

A

beta 1

65
Q

Drug Type and indication: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist to tx BPH

***tamulosin

66
Q

Drug Type and indication: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine

A

alpha 1 agonist to tx incontinence

67
Q

Drug type and indication: darifenacin, solifenacin

A

anticholinergic to tx bladder spasms post surgery or due to inflam to tx incontinence (relaxes bladder and slows voiding)

68
Q

Drug type and indication: tolterodine

A

anticholinergic to tx bladder spasms post surgery or due to inflam to tx incontinence (relaxes bladder and slows voiding)

69
Q

Drug type and indication: oxybutynin

A

anticholinergic to tx bladder spasms post surgery or due to inflam to tx incontinence (relaxes bladder and slows voiding)

70
Q

Drug Type and indication: Bethanecol

A

Cholinergic agonist stimulate bladder emptying treatment of urinary retention problems post surgery only used with no obstructive problems

71
Q

Drug Type and indication: Neostigmine

A

Cholinergic agonist stimulate bladder emptying treatment of urinary retention problems post surgery only used with no obstructive problems

Maria's Renal Pharm Cards (2 decks)

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