glasgow Flashcards
what is the CBD
the Central Business District - this is the city centre
How can you identify the CBD on a map
- Many roads meet there
- Town Hall (TH) and historic buildings eg castles.
- Tourist Information (i) and many tourist attractions eg museums (mus)
- Main train / bus stations (terminus)
- Many churches and often a Cathedral (Cath)
- Many bridges crossing a river.
what are some land uses in the CBD
- Many shops (eg Princes Square, Buchanan Galleries) as it is central and ACCESSIBLE which is good for business. High End Designer shops e.g. Armani also locate in CBD as it has a FASHIONABLE (PRESTIGIOUS) IMAGE.
- Many Offices (e.g. Blythswood Square) because it is accessible for workers and customers but also because the CBD has a good image of prestige for the company. (FASHIONABLE IMAGE)
- The land is very expensive to buy / rent so only big companies eg shops and offices can afford to go there.
- MAIN TRAIN (Central / Queen St) and BUS STATIONS (Buchanan) are in CBD as many people travel there to work and shop etc. so MOST JOURNEYS CONVERGE HERE.
- Many HISTORIC BUILDINGS found there as it is the OLDEST PART of the city eg Glasgow Cathedral; City Chambers. These attract tourists to area.
- Many HOTELS E.g. Hilton, Radisson Blu, Holiday Inn etc, as there are MANY TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND MANY TOURISTS. Also Tourist Information Centre in George Square
- Other entertainments and leisure facilities eg growth in PUBS, CLUBS and restaurants e.g. Merchant City, as it is central and fashionable + nowadays, people have MORE MONEY AND LEISURE TIME
- Cinemas and theatres e.g. The Kings theatre. This is also because the CBD is accessible, good for business and has a fashionable image
what are some recent changes in the CBD and why have they occurred?
- Some shops have closed down: e.g. BHS, Dunne’s
They have lost business due to competition from out of town shopping and Internet sites e.g. ASOS
But the Council have taken many measures to attract customers back to the CBD. - Large shopping malls expanded and renovated e.g. Buchanan Galleries, St Enoch’s Centre recently expanded
This was part funded by the council to attract customers back to CBD and create jobs / boost the economy - Streets have been pedestrianised e.g. Buchanan St. To reduce traffic and pollution + make it safer / more pleasant to encourage more shoppers.
- Improvements to the environment eg new bins, benches, tourist signs, lighting in Buchanan St. To attract tourists and shoppers
- Renovation of old buildings e.g. City Chambers, Gallery of modern Art: To attract tourists and business to the area
Also
6. Introduction of schemes to reduce traffic congestion eg bus lanes and one way systems on Hope St or Bath St.
- Many new hotels built e.g. Hilton; Radisson, Holiday Inn etc.
Increased demand for hotels due to growth in tourism - Many new pubs, clubs, cafes and cinemas e.g. Cineworld, costa coffee, as people nowadays have more money to spend and more leisure time.
- More designer shops such as Armani and Hugo Boss in Merchant City: As people now have more disposable income to spend on clothing than in the past.
- Renovation of old warehouses and offices into luxury flats e.g. Merchant city As the CBD has become a fashionable place for young wealthy people to live these flats are in high demand.
what is the Inner City? (in glasgow)
This is an area of Victorian housing e.g. Partick and Industry e.g. Clydeside Shipyards that surrounds the CBD. Most of this area was built in the 1800’s ……
But over the last 50 years has experienced massive changes.
what are the key land uses of the Inner City
- Housing: Many old Victorian Tenements e.g. Partick
(Which were built in the 1800’s near old factories e.g. the Clyde shipyards. They were built near the factories as people walked to their work). - Housing: New modern luxury flats e.g. Glasgow Harbour
(Which have been built recently as the area has become very fashionable) - Old Industries such as shipbuilding
(Which grew beside the River Clyde for transport in 1800’s) - Derelict land
(Many of the old factories have gone out of business, have now closed down and are derelict) - New tourist and leisure developments e.g. The Hydro
(Which have been built to attract business and jobs to the area).
NB: There are less shops and offices than the CBD (as the innercity is less accessible and less prestigious).
what is urban decay
Background info: Urban Decay
The inner city had become very run down after World War 2 and experienced the following problems which we call URBAN DECAY:
- Overcrowded Victorian tenements (old flats) had become run down slums.
- High rise flats built in the 1960’s were poorly built and also run down.
- Many old industries closing down.
- High unemployment, poverty and crime
- Derelict / contaminated land from old factories.
- Population declines as many people move away from the area for a better life.
Examples of such areas in Glasgow included Clydeside, Govan, Partick, The Gorbals and Springburn.
what are the changes in Glasgow’s inner city
A: HOUSING
1. Old Tenements (slums) renovated in areas like Govan.
This was done to improve social housing for local people
2. High Flats Demolished and replaced with modern low rise apartments. E.g. The Gorbals
Also done to improve social housing for local people.
3. New luxury private penthouse flats built e.g. Glasgow Harbour
This was done to attract wealthy young people to the area and because the area has become very fashionable.
B: INDUSTRY
4. Old ship yards close down (due to competition from abroad, causing unemployment)
5. New offices built e.g. SKYPARK, BBC and STV offices.
This was to create new jobs in the area and boost the economy
C: TOURISM / LEISURE.
- New tourist developments e.g. The Science Centre, The Riverside Transport Museum: Again this was to attract visitors, create jobs and boost economy
- New hotels built e.g. Radisson Red and The Crown Plaza due to growth in tourism as the area is regenerated
- New leisure developments eg The SECC, the Armadillo and Springfield Quay cinema. Growth in leisure industry as people have more money and leisure time. Supported by government to create jobs and boost the economy
D: TRANSPORT / ENVIRONMENT
- Building the Squinty Bridge. (To reduce congestion on the M8)
- New transport interchange at Partick (to encourage people to use public transport)
- Landscaping the Clydeside walkway (to improve the environment and attract tourists and business)
why have so many recent changes occurred in the inner city of glasgow
Recent changes in Glasgow’s inner city have all been due to Urban Renewal – Trying to improve the area. This has been most obvious around Clydeside (the area around the old docks of the Clyde)
what are the key land uses of the suburbs
- Modern Housing (Detached and semidetached).
Because the land is cheaper, there is plenty of open space for building. There is also a high quality pleasant environment where people like to live. - Leisure facilities;
Country Parks and golf courses. (More open space and greenery) - There is some new Out of Town shopping (Silverburn) and Industry near to motorways, (good access to motorways, cheap land, less congestion, room to expand)
But generally, there are less shops than the CBD as the area is less accessible.
E.g. Giffnock, Bishopbriggs, Clarkston, Bearsden, Newton Mearns.
What should you look for in a map to identify the Inner City housing?
- location close to CBD (but not in the CBD)
- tightly packed roads in a grid pattern which is poorly planned
- very little open space or greenery
- very few services such as schools, sports centres etc
- main roads running straight through housing areas
- Likely to be old terraced housing or tenements with no gardens
- Likely to be dirty polluted area with busy traffic
How should you identify new modern households on a map?
- Carefully planned road layouts with winding roads, crescents and cul de sacs (dead ends)
- Lots of open space and greenery
- Many local services (Schools, sports centres etc.)
- Housing estates separate from main roads (many roundabouts)
- Likely to be large detached and semidetached houses with gardens
- Cleaner less polluted area with less traffic.
what is the rural/urban fringe (green belt)
This is the ring of countryside around our cities. It is often called the GREEN BELT because Councils have planning policies which prevent development (new buildings) being built.
This is to protect the countryside from URBAN SPRAWL the city growing out into the countryside around it.
Recently there has been great pressure from companies to develop the green belt to create jobs and money for the economy.
why do businesses want to build on the green belt?
- Cheap Land with lots of Open Space for building and car parks etc.
- Easily accessible – Less Traffic Congestion and easier links to motorways than in the city
- Very Pleasant Environment
(Good for attracting investment / customers etc for business)
Examples of developments in Glasgow’s greenbelt
- New industrial estates / business parks e.g. Robroyston
- New housing estates e.g. Newton Mearns
- Out of town shopping centres e.g. Glasgow Fort
- Leisure facilities e.g. Virgin Active Milngavie
- New motorways e.g. M77, M80 Stepps bypass
- Landfill sites (rubbish dumps)
what are some impacts of developing in the green belt?
Much ENVIRONMENTAL damage has been caused:
- Visual pollution: Scenic Landscape destroyed.
- Wildlife habitats destroyed e.g. trees and hedges
- Valuable Farmland destroyed (Cities are usually surrounded by fertile land)
- Popular recreational areas lost (footpaths, golf courses etc.) lost.
- More traffic causing air and noise pollution
- Rubbish dumps cause river pollution
- Also ECONOMIC DAMAGE to inner city/CBD. There is a decline in shopping and business in inner city/CBD as money goes to edge of city developments instead.
