Glandular Tissue Flashcards
This is a type of tissue that lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids.
Glandular Tissue
______ tissue is commonly found in the breast, lung, stomach, colon, pancreas, prostate, uterus, and cervix. Also called glandular epithelium.
Glandular
This is a specialized epithelium tissue in which the cells of epithelium arrange themselves into a gland.
Glandular Tissue
This is Involved into secretion of a particular substance.
Gland
Arranged in Glands
a. Single Cell (______)
b. Group of Cells (______)
Unicellular, Multicellular
Classified by Secretion Methods
a. ______ - Secretory vesicles
b. ______ - Cell death releases contents
c. ______ - Secretory vesicles of Cell Membrane
Merocrine
Holocrine
Apocrine
Examples of these are Parotid gland, Submandibular gland, and Sublingual gland).
Salivary glands
These Secrete saliva and digestive enzyme.
Salivary glands
These are Found on the skin, which secrete sweat.
Sweat glands
These are Responsible for the secretion of tears.
Lacrimal glands of the eyes
These Lines inside of an entire organ, such as the stomach.
Secretory sheet of cells
These are Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood.
Endocrine glands
Example of endocrine glands:
a. ______ gland - base of the brain
b. ______ gland - neck
c. ______ glands - top of the kidneys
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
The ______ Considered a special gland.
______ portion: responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes
______ portion, responsible for the secretion of several hormones, including insulin and glucagon.
Pancreas
Exocrine
Endocrine
These are Orange-colored cells on top of kidneys near the spine underneath the last rib.
ADRENAL GLANDS
Right Adrenal is ______ in shape while Left Adrenal is shaped like a ______.
pyramid, half moon
The adrenal glands are covered with a ______ tissue capsule.
connective
Endocrine Components of adrenal glands:
1.______ (inner part) - 20% of the gland
2.______ (outer part) - 80% of the gland
Consists of 3 zones:
a. Zone of ______
b. Zone of ______
c. Zone of ______
Medulla
Cortex
glomerulosa
fasciculata
reticularis
ADRENAL CORTEX
Part: Zone of ______
Hormones released: Mineralcorticoids (regulate mineral balance)
Examples: Aldosterone
glomerulosa
ADRENAL CORTEX
Part: Zone of ______
Hormones released: Glucocorticoids (regulate glucose metabolism)
Examples: Cortisol Corticosterone Cortisone
fasciculata
ADRENAL CORTEX
Part: Zone of ______
Hormones released: Androgens (stimulate masculinization)
Examples: Dehydroepiandrosterone
reticularis
Cells here are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons that became secretory.
ADRENAL MEDULLA
Action here controlled by sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system, not pituitary gland.
ADRENAL MEDULLA
Cells here contain catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and respond to acute stress.
ADRENAL MEDULLA
This Prepares the individual for flight or fight response by activating maximal use of energy and physical effort.
ADRENAL MEDULLA
ADRENAL MEDULLA
Part: ______
Hormones released: Stress hormones (stimulate sympathetic ANS)
Examples: Epinephrine Norepinephrine
Medulla
______ glands release (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body surfaces, such as the skin, not into the bloodstream.
Exocrine
These are Are more numerous than Endocrine glands.
Exocrine Glands
Ex. of these are mucous, sweat, oil, salivary glands.
Exocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands
______ - Do not contain ducts
Unicellular
Exocrine Glands
______ - Contains a duct system
Multicellular
An example of a unicellular exocrine gland is the ______ cell, which can be found in epithelial tissue and secretes mucin which forms a mucus layer coating certain tissue areas, such as the passageway in the trachea in the respiratory system.
Goblet
______ exocrine glands are composed of a duct and a secretory unit.
Multicellular
Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified in two different ways: by their ______ (morphology of ducts & morphology of secretory units), or by their ______ method.
form, secretion
Multicellular exocrine glands
CLASSIFICATION BY FORM
(Morphology of Ducts)
______ glands - single duct
______ glands - branching ducts
simple
compound
Multicellular exocrine glands
CLASSIFICATION BY FORM
(Morphology of Secretory Units)
______ - The diameter of the duct and secretory portion are similar
______ - Flask-shaped hollow secretory sacs
Tubular
Acinar/Alveolar
Types of Simple Glands
Simple straight tubular
Simple coiled tubular
Simple branched tubular
Simple alveolar (acinar)
Simple branched alveolar (acinar)
Types of Compound Glands
Compound tubular
Compound alveolar (acinar)
Compound tubuloalveolar
Exocrine Glands
CLASSIFICATION BY SECRETION METHOD
______
______
______
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
This is the most common type of exocrine secretion.
They release their secretions through the process of exocytosis where secretory vesicles are released through the plasma membrane of the cell, without damaging the cell itself.
Ex. Salivary glands
Merocrine secretion
______ secretion accumulates near the apical portion of the cell. That portion of the cell and its secretory contents pinch off from the cell and are released.
The cell repairs itself and continues to release its products in the same manner.
Ex. Sweat glands of the armpit
Apocrine
In this secretion Cells accumulate a secretory product and the entire cell ruptures to release the product.
The ruptured cells are replaced by other epithelial cells through cell division.
Ex. The sebaceous glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands/cells.
Holocrine secretion
______ Glands Do not have ducts for their secretory products.
Endocrine
______ glands are highly vascularized, and their secretory cells are surrounded by rich capillary networks.
Endocrine
Endocrine Glands
The close proximity of the secretory cells to the capillaries allows for efficient release of the secretory products into the ______ and their distribution to different organs via the systemic circulation.
bloodstream
Endocrine Glands
______ cells (unicellular glands) as seen in the digestive organs as enteroendocrine cells.
Individual
Endocrine Glands
______ tissue in mixed glands (both endocrine and exocrine) as seen in pancreas and male and female reproductive organs
Endocrine
Endocrine Glands
Separate ______ organs as the pituitary gland, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands.
endocrine
Unbranched simple tubular glands without excretory ducts are best represented by the ______ glands (crypts of Lieberkühn) in the large intestine (A and B) and rectum.
intestinal
The surface epithelium and the secretory cells of the glands in the intestines are lined with numerous ______ cells; these are unicellular exocrine glands. Similar but shorter intestinal glands with ______ cells are also found in the small intestine.
goblet, goblet
Simple or slightly branched tubular glands without excretory ducts are found in the stomach. These are the ______ glands (A and B). In the fundus and body of the stomach, they are lined with modified columnar cells that are highly specialized for secreting ______ acid and the precursor for the proteolytic enzyme ______.
gastric, hydrochloric,
______ glands in the skin are coiled tubular glands with long, unbranched ducts (A and B).
Note the secretory cells of the gland and the excretory duct, lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium, which delivers the secretory product to the surface.
Sweat
The ______ gland is an example of a compound acinar (alveolar) gland (A and B).
mammary
The lactating mammary gland contains enlarged secretory ______ (alveoli) with large lumina that are filled with milk.
Draining these ______ (alveoli) are excretory ducts, some of which contain secretory material and are lined by stratified epithelium.
acini, acini
The ______ glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) best illustrate compound tubuloacinar glands (A and B). The glands contain secretory acinar elements and secretory tubular elements. In addition, the submandibular and sublingual glands contain both serous and mucous acini. The excretory ducts are lined with cuboidal, columnar, or stratified epithelium, and are named according to their location in the gland.
salivary
A photomicrograph of a ______ salivary gland shows the secretory units of a compound tubuloacinar gland. The grapelike secretory acinar elements (1) are circular in transverse section and are distinguished from the longer secretory tubular elements (7) of the gland. Empty lumina can be seen in some sections of both types of secretory elements. This salivary gland is a mixed gland and contains both the mucous cells (4), which stain light, and serous cells (5), which stain dark. Draining the secretory elements of the gland are excretory ducts (3, 6, 8). The small excretory ducts are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by connective tissue (2), which also surrounds all of the secretory elements.
submaxillary
An example of an endocrine gland is illustrated as a ______ from the pancreas. The pancreas is a mixed gland, containing both an exocrine portion and endocrine portion. In the pancreas, the exocrine acini surround the endocrine ______ (A and B).
pancreatic islet, pancreatic islets
The ______ pancreas (3) consists of numerous secretory acini that deliver their secretory material into the excretory duct (1), which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelim and surrounded by a layer of connective tissue.
exocrine
The ______ pancreas (5) is called the pancreatic islet (5) because it is separated from the cells of the exocrine pancreas (3) by a thin connective tissue capsule (4).
endocrine
The endocrine ______ (5) does not contain excretory ducts. Instead, it is highly vascularized, and all of the secretory products leave the pancreatic islet via numerous blood vessels (capillaries) (2).
pancreatic islet
