Glands Flashcards
4 Items looked at
- Gland
- Hormone
- Target
- Action
Gland
Any gland or organ that produces a hormone
Hormone
Chemical that enters the bloodstream with a purposed target
Target
Tissue that hormone stimulates or activates
Action
What happens when a hormone targets destination
Hormones are regulated by
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Pituitary Gland/Hypophysis Parts
Adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
Anterior (front) consists of cells that produce its own hormones
Neurohypophysis
Posterior (back) controlled by nerves
Which produces and releases hormones between adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
Which only releases hormones between adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Neurohypophysis Hormones (2)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Target & Action
Target: Kidneys
Action: Prevents dehydration/Puts water back into the bloodstream
Oxytocin (OT)
Target & Action x2
Target: Uterus
Action: Uterine contraction
Target: Mammary Tissue
Action: Releases Milk/Lactation
Adenohypophysis Hormones (5)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Somatotropin (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Target & Action x2
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Action: Releases Glucocorticoids
Target: General Cells
Action: Increases Metabolism
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target & Action x3
Target: Thyroid Gland
Action: Releases Calcitonin
Target Osteoblasts
Action: Removes Ca2+ from the blood/Puts Ca2+ into the bone
Action: Releases triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
Target: General Cells
Action: Increases Metabolism
Somatotropin (GH)
Target & Action
Target: General Cells
Action: Promotes growth/protein production
Prolactin (PRL)
Target & Action
Target: Mammary Tissue
Action: Milk Production
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Target & Action
Target: Melanocytes within the skin
Action: Produce melanin
Glands Independent of the Pituitary Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus Gland
Atria of the Heart
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Juxtaglomerular Cells of the Kidneys
Pancreas
Parathyroid Gland
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Parathormone (PTH)
Target: Osteoclasts
Action: Removes Ca2+ from bone/Puts Ca2+ into the blood decreases bone Ca2+ levels/Increases blood Ca2+ levels
Thymus Gland
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Thymosin
Target: Lymphocytes (white blood cell)
Action: Converts lymphocytes to T cells which respond to viruses
Atria of the Heart
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Target: Kidneys
Action: Removes Na+ from the blood and sends it to the urine and then water follows decreases water volume in the blood
Adrenal Cortex
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Aldosterone
Target: Kidneys
Action: Puts Na+ into the blood, water follows kidneys retain Na+ and water increases blood pressure
Adrenal Medulla
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Target: General Cells
Action: Increases metabolism and fight or flight response
Juxtaglomerular Cells of the Kidney
Hormone:
Target:
Action:
Hormone: Erythropoietin (EPO)
Target: Erythroblasts of bone marrow
Action: Red blood cell formation
Insulin (pancreas)
Target:
Action:
Target: Receptor sites on cell membranes
Action: Protein channels open decreases blood glucose levels
3 Pancreas Hormones
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Somatostatin
Glucagon (pancreas)
Target:
Action:
Target: Liver Cells
Action: Breaks down glycogen from glucose increase blood glucose levels
Somatostatin (pancreas)
Target:
Action:
Target: Adenohypophysis
Action: Inhibits somatotropin (GH) helps regulate the rate of growth
Male Reproductive Gland
Adenohypophysis
Male Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Target:
Action:
Target: Seminiferous tubules within the testes
Action: Sperm production
Male Reproductive Hormones (2)
Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Male Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Target & Action x2
Target: Interstitial cells of the testes
Action: Releases testosterone
Target: General Cells
Action: Secondary sex characteristics
Female Reproductive Hormones (2)
Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Female Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH)
Target:
Action:
Target: Follicles within the ovaries
Action: Maturation of immature eggs
Female Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Target & Action x5
Target: Follicles within the ovaries
Action: Ovulation/Releases estrogen
Target: Hypothalamus of the brain
Action: Regulates body temperature
Target: Osteoclasts
Action: Regulates bone formation releases progesterone
Target: Endometrial lining of the uterus
Action: Prepares the body for pregnancy
Target: General Cells
Action: Secondary sex characteristics
