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Human Physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

Osmosis, Mitosis, Diffusion

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromatin material (DNA)

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2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains RNA

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3
Q

Free Ribosomes

A

(Floating in the cytosol) Site for protein reproduction

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4
Q

Protein production

A

DNA-RNA-Ribosomes

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5
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Contains fixed ribosomes
Transports protein to the Golgi Apparatus

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6
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis of lipids, hormones, and carbohydrates
Detoxifies drugs and alcohol

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7
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies the raw protein made by Ribosomes
Produces Lysosomes

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8
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down organic molecules
Contains a variety of enzymes
Prevents accumulation of organic molecules

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9
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contains the enzyme catalase
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide (byproduct of reactions in the body)
Keeps hydrogen peroxide from accumulating

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produces energy in the form of ATP
Indirectly responsible for cholesterol production

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11
Q

Vaults

A

Verdict is still out
Seems to be involved in the efficiency of chemotherapy
Makes it ineffective

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12
Q

ICF

A

Intracellular Fluid

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13
Q

ECF

A

Extracellular Fluid

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14
Q

Structure of the Cell

A

1 membrane
2 layers

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15
Q

4 Major Molecules of the Cell Membrane and Their Similarity

A
  1. Protein
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Glycolipids

All Insoluble to Water

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16
Q

Glycolipids Location

A

Outer layer

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17
Q

Phospholipids Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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18
Q

Protein Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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19
Q

Cholesterol Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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20
Q

Phospholipid Structure and Function

A

2 fatty acids
1 phosphate ion
1 glycerol

Provides the structure of the cell membrane
Provides protection for the cell

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21
Q

Glycolipid Structure and Function

A

2 fatty acids
1 carbohydrate
1 glycerol

Cellular identification by the extended carbohydrate
ex. Blood type

22
Q

Cholesterol Structure and Function

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon atoms

Seems to control the rate at which material flows into and out of the cell

23
Q

Fat Molecule Anatomy

A

1 glycerol
3 fatty acids

24
Q

Too much cholesterol =

A

Too much material goes in and out

25
Q

Location where molecules can pass through cell membrane?

A

Protein Channels
Between Phospholipids

26
Q

Not enough cholesterol =

A

Cell membrane collapses

27
Q

Channel Protein Function

A

Allow material to pass into the cell

28
Q

All molecules are

A

In a constant state of motion
(Kinetic energy)

29
Q

Diffusion

A

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

30
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of specifically water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

31
Q

What happens to the cell when water enters

A

Cell will swell and gain weight

32
Q

What happens to the cell when water exits

A

Cell will shrink and lose wight

33
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solutes

34
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solutes

35
Q

Isotonic

A

Both areas have the same concentration of solutes

36
Q

Process of Cell Respiration

A

Growth Factors—>Cyclin D—->Cyclin D CDK 4 Complex—>RB PO4———–>G1, S, G2—–>Prophase——>Metaphase—->Anaphase—–>Telophase—->Cytokinesis

37
Q

TP 53 produces

A

p53 protein

38
Q

p53 function

A

Analyzes DNA during interphase
If senses something wrong-activates p21

39
Q

p21 produces

A

CDK-4 Complex

40
Q

Reproduction of abnormal DNA =

41
Q

Steps only in cell reproduction

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Cytokinesis
42
Q

Mitosis Steps

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
43
Q

Chromosome

A

A pair of chromatids

44
Q

Centromere

A

Connects two chromatids

45
Q

Centriole

A

Produces spindle fibers in the cell

46
Q

Metaphase

A

Paired Chromatids line up in the middle
Spindle fibers connect to centromere

47
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibers pull the two chromatids apart towards the poles

48
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear membrane begins to pinch inward

49
Q

Prophase

A

See paired chromatids

50
Q

Interphase

A

Chromosomes form paired chromatids
Everything duplicating

51
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Entire cell membrane breaks apart creating two new cells

Human Physiology (4 decks)

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