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Geography > Glaciers > Flashcards

Glaciers Flashcards

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1
Q

How are glaciers formed

A

Many layers of snow - the accumulation of snow each year must be greater than the melting. The weight of the snow compresses other layers into névé and then glacial ice

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2
Q

What causes ice ages

A

Tectonic motion can impact water flow temperature
Earth orbit
Super volcanic eruptions
Meteor impacts

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3
Q

What features do you find in glaciated areas?

A

Mountain ranges
U shaped valleys
Sheer cliff faces
Big boulders called ‘erratics’
Waterfalls

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4
Q

How do glaciers erode the land

A

Ice contains rocks which act as sandpaper to abrade the bedrock

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5
Q

What does the Milankovitch Cycle mean?

A

Changes in the shape of Earths orbit around the sun determines the amount of incoming radiation. When the orbit is more elliptical, the amount of solar radiation at perihelion is around 23% more than aphelion

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6
Q

What is perihelion?

A

When the earth is closest to the sun during an elliptical stage of Milankovitch Cycles

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7
Q

What is aphelion?

A

When the earth is furthest away from the sun during an elliptical stage of the Milankovitch Cycle

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8
Q

What are 3 causes of ice age?

A

Difference in solar activity
Continental drift
Volcanic eruptions

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9
Q

How does solar activity cause ice ages?

A

If there are more sunspots, the Earth will be warmer due to solar flares

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10
Q

How does continental drift cause ice ages

A

Changes in ocean currents affect the weather. More ice = more albedo effect

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11
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

When snow and sand reflect the sun rays back into space

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12
Q

How do volcanic eruptions cause ice ages?

A

Large ash clouds reflect sun rays back to space. Super volcanic eruptions can cool global temps my 5-15°C

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13
Q

How do volcanic eruptions cause ice ages?

A

Large ash clouds reflect sun rays back to space. Super volcanic eruptions can cool global temps my 5-15°C

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14
Q

What is the Pleistocene?

A

The most recent ice age - Last 2 million years

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15
Q

What are the temperature changes during the last 400,000 years

A

Long glacials (100,000 years)followed by short interglacials (20,000 years)

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16
Q

When was the last ice advance?

A

100,000 years ago

17
Q

What is the Holocene?

A

The ice age we are in now

18
Q

What is a system?

A

A series of elements that are linked

19
Q

What are the inputs of a glacier?

A

Precipitation
Rock debris
Avalanches
Show
Sunlight

20
Q

What are the outputs of glaciers?

A

Water vapour
Icebergs
Meltwater
Glacial deposits

21
Q

What are the stores of glaciers?

A

Sediment within the glacier
Ice

22
Q

What are the processes of glaciers?

A

Ice movement
Transportation
Erosion
Iceberg carving
Melting water

23
Q

What is the name of the compressed snow?

A

Firn

24
Q

How do glaciers move?

A

Basal sliding- the ice moves due to it melting and the weight of all the ice makes it move downhill
Internal deformity- When temps are too low for basal sliding, it moves due to the gradient of the slope

25
Q

What is freeze thaw weathering?

A

When water enters a rock and freezes so it expands. This increases the pressure inside the rock so it slits in half

26
Q

How do glaciers erode the land?

A

Plucking
Abrasion

27
Q

What is plucking?

A

Tearing away blocks of rock as a glacier moves. These blocks of rock had been frozen to the bottom of the glacier where water had entered joints in the rock and become frozen

28
Q

What is abrasion in glaciers?

A

When rock fragments which have frozen to the base and the back of glaciers scrape the bed rock as the ice move. Smaller rock particles have a sandpaper effect on the rocks over which the ice passes while the sharp edges of large rocks make deep groves called striations

29
Q

How to glaciers transport material?

A

Move inside the ice
On top of the ice
Dragged along the base of the glacier

30
Q

How and why do glaciers deposit materials?

A

During the summer months, the ice retreats due to it melting. This then deposits the rocks that were inside the now melted ice. Happens at the snout of the glacier

Geography (7 decks)

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