glaciers Flashcards

1
Q

name all the glacier case studies

A

alaska
norway/svalbard
himalayas
alps
newtondale, north yorkshire
nant ffrancon valley

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2
Q

what are the UK glaciated landscape case studies

A

newtondale
nant ffrancon valley/snowdonia

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3
Q

case study for glacial landscape

A

norway/svalbard

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4
Q

case study for periglacial landscape

A

alaska

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5
Q

case study for fluvioglacial landscape

A

newtondale

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6
Q

describe Alaskas landscape

A

periglacial
permafrost
low growing plants
thin stony soil
definded seasons

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7
Q

where is alaska located

A

north western USA in arctic circle

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8
Q

opportunities for human occupation and development in alaska

A

TAP- Valdez to Prudhoe Bay - extraction of oil and gas, heated above ground to 65, boomtowns created along pipeline
fishing - employs 79000
mining - of gold, iron ore etc. 2.2million to alaska gdp
tourism - 2.2m
inupiut people get compensation from prudhoe bay

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9
Q

challenges for human occupation and development in alaska

A

extreme temperatures, darkness
remote locations in mountainous terrain
inupiut - coastal erosion
gwitchin - TAP development causing migration of caribou, cant adapt to cc and human dev.
only 2m barrels left
exxon valley oil spills 1989 - 10.9 million gallons spilt
only 20% of TAP workers are locals

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10
Q

mitigation strategies in alaska

A

TAP
-built on stilts and zig zagged to prevent breaking due to frost heave, heated to 65 to prevent freezing,
utilidors - above ground insulated corridors for water/ sewage
ANWR
- 8 million hectares of protected land, 250 animals species, biodiversity action plan

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11
Q

resilience in alaska

A

emergency generators, batteries
emergency food supplies - 400,000 people for 7 days
rollagons - deliver food supplies
community freezer provided

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12
Q

adaptation in alaska

A

employers supplying food 24/7 - as burn more calories in the cold
warming up breaks
vechiles run continuously
only 3 whales hunted per year
houses moved from coast (inupiut)

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13
Q

what present management is happening in Alaska

A

TAP built on stilts
utilidors
ANWR is protected

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14
Q

describe norways location

A

arctic circle
Scandanavia

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15
Q

opportunities for human development and occupation in norway

A

tourism - 70000 tourists, cruise ships can access, increased popularity of adventure tourism
fishing - barents sea 150+ species of fish
coal mining - main economic activity - employs 300+ , 50000 tonnes

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16
Q

challenges for human occupation and developmentin norway

A

svalbard is remote
winter darkness, extreme temps (-30)
rough sea conditions
accessibility - Svalbard is remote, fjords are difficult to cross
thawing permafrost - 250 homes torn down, Global Sea vault has 43000 seeds and has flooded several times, avalanches/ landslides in 2015/7
saami land for development of mining impacts reindeer migration
cc will impact huskie use

17
Q

mitigation strategies in norway/ svalbard

A

well insulated homes
runway painted white
4 by 4s, snow mobiles use
Hardanger suspension bridge
- reduce remoteness, permafrost melting

18
Q

resilience in norway/svalbard

A

HEP from Sima power plant
Longyearbyen - darkness, low temps, total wilderness surrounds

19
Q

adaptation in norway/ svalbard

A

major hospital treatment fly to mainland
black out curtains
artificial light

20
Q

describe Svalbard

A

most northern island
an archipelago - large group of islands
small population - 2700

21
Q

describe human impacts on alpine areas (the Alps)

A

oil spills in russia
illegal ski developments in bulgaria
120m visitors in the alps
increased tourism = adventure sports etc. = disturbs wildlife, snow cover etc.

22
Q

describe impacts of climate change on the alps

A

ecosystems - 60% high mountain flora/fauna will become extinct, increase in 1°c will push treeline up by 100m
Ski industry - only 62% resorts will be running in 2050, low altitude resorts have closed down
melting permafrost - covers 5% of Switzerland, communities under threat, increases rock avalanches, mudslides, cable cars, ski lifts unstable and have had to be repositioned 3-4 times
flooding/landslides - meltwater builds up and is suddenly released from behind debris
Rise of 2°c will cost Switzerland £2billion a year

23
Q

how is Europe adapting to climate change

A

The Marzon Valley (italy) - moving ski lifts to higher altitudes, develop tourism in Somodida forests - cross country skiing, artificial snow
The Giandains Protection Dam (swiss) - completed in 2003, £1.3 billion to protect housing and infrastructure in Pritesing village

24
Q

what type of cold environment are the Himalayas

25
describe impacts of climate change/ human activity on the Himalayas
pollution - black cloud arrival more rain/ less snow = melting accelerates/ flash floods less snow= less moisture for crops and 80% rely on agriculture for jobs melting glaciers 95% of glaciers retreating
26
management in the Himalayas
ice stupas - 5000 trees planted water freezes as sprayed on trees = conserves winter meltwater in the summer
27
name glacial landforms in Nant ffrancon valley
glacial trough, u shaped valley ribbon lake - Lyln Ogwen Cwm Idwal corrie lake - LLyn Idwal devils kitchen (back of corie) arete - Crib Goch
28
describe the landscape of Newtondale in North Yorkshire
narrow gorge, 80km deep, 5km long meltwater has formed lakes lake wheeldale overflowed to lake pickering
29
name a warm based glacier and a cold based glacier
Mer de glace, France Thwaites, Antarctica
30
name where an esker is found
north dakota
31
name where an outwash plain is
Red glacier, Alaska
32
name where patterned ground is found
stone rings, svalbard
33
name where ice wedges are found
Banks Island
34
name where thermokarsts are found
Hudson Bay Canada
35