glaciers

Question 1

name all the glacier case studies

Answer 1

alaska
norway/svalbard
himalayas
alps
newtondale, north yorkshire
nant ffrancon valley

Question 2

what are the UK glaciated landscape case studies

Answer 2

newtondale
nant ffrancon valley/snowdonia

Question 3

case study for glacial landscape

Answer 3

norway/svalbard

Question 4

case study for periglacial landscape

Answer 4

alaska

Question 5

case study for fluvioglacial landscape

Answer 5

newtondale

Question 6

describe Alaskas landscape

Answer 6

periglacial
permafrost
low growing plants
thin stony soil
definded seasons

Question 7

where is alaska located

Answer 7

north western USA in arctic circle

Question 8

opportunities for human occupation and development in alaska

Answer 8

TAP- Valdez to Prudhoe Bay - extraction of oil and gas, heated above ground to 65, boomtowns created along pipeline
fishing - employs 79000
mining - of gold, iron ore etc. 2.2million to alaska gdp
tourism - 2.2m
inupiut people get compensation from prudhoe bay

Question 9

challenges for human occupation and development in alaska

Answer 9

extreme temperatures, darkness
remote locations in mountainous terrain
inupiut - coastal erosion
gwitchin - TAP development causing migration of caribou, cant adapt to cc and human dev.
only 2m barrels left
exxon valley oil spills 1989 - 10.9 million gallons spilt
only 20% of TAP workers are locals

Question 10

mitigation strategies in alaska

Answer 10

TAP
-built on stilts and zig zagged to prevent breaking due to frost heave, heated to 65 to prevent freezing,
utilidors - above ground insulated corridors for water/ sewage
ANWR
- 8 million hectares of protected land, 250 animals species, biodiversity action plan

Question 11

resilience in alaska

Answer 11

emergency generators, batteries
emergency food supplies - 400,000 people for 7 days
rollagons - deliver food supplies
community freezer provided

Question 12

adaptation in alaska

Answer 12

employers supplying food 24/7 - as burn more calories in the cold
warming up breaks
vechiles run continuously
only 3 whales hunted per year
houses moved from coast (inupiut)

Question 13

what present management is happening in Alaska

Answer 13

TAP built on stilts
utilidors
ANWR is protected

Question 14

describe norways location

Answer 14

arctic circle
Scandanavia

Question 15

opportunities for human development and occupation in norway

Answer 15

tourism - 70000 tourists, cruise ships can access, increased popularity of adventure tourism
fishing - barents sea 150+ species of fish
coal mining - main economic activity - employs 300+ , 50000 tonnes

Question 16

challenges for human occupation and developmentin norway

Answer 16

svalbard is remote
winter darkness, extreme temps (-30)
rough sea conditions
accessibility - Svalbard is remote, fjords are difficult to cross
thawing permafrost - 250 homes torn down, Global Sea vault has 43000 seeds and has flooded several times, avalanches/ landslides in 2015/7
saami land for development of mining impacts reindeer migration
cc will impact huskie use

Question 17

mitigation strategies in norway/ svalbard

Answer 17

well insulated homes
runway painted white
4 by 4s, snow mobiles use
Hardanger suspension bridge
- reduce remoteness, permafrost melting

Question 18

resilience in norway/svalbard

Answer 18

HEP from Sima power plant
Longyearbyen - darkness, low temps, total wilderness surrounds

Question 19

adaptation in norway/ svalbard

Answer 19

major hospital treatment fly to mainland
black out curtains
artificial light

Question 20

describe Svalbard

Answer 20

most northern island
an archipelago - large group of islands
small population - 2700

Question 21

describe human impacts on alpine areas (the Alps)

Answer 21

oil spills in russia
illegal ski developments in bulgaria
120m visitors in the alps
increased tourism = adventure sports etc. = disturbs wildlife, snow cover etc.

Question 22

describe impacts of climate change on the alps

Answer 22

ecosystems - 60% high mountain flora/fauna will become extinct, increase in 1°c will push treeline up by 100m
Ski industry - only 62% resorts will be running in 2050, low altitude resorts have closed down
melting permafrost - covers 5% of Switzerland, communities under threat, increases rock avalanches, mudslides, cable cars, ski lifts unstable and have had to be repositioned 3-4 times
flooding/landslides - meltwater builds up and is suddenly released from behind debris
Rise of 2°c will cost Switzerland £2billion a year

Question 23

how is Europe adapting to climate change

Answer 23

The Marzon Valley (italy) - moving ski lifts to higher altitudes, develop tourism in Somodida forests - cross country skiing, artificial snow
The Giandains Protection Dam (swiss) - completed in 2003, £1.3 billion to protect housing and infrastructure in Pritesing village

Question 24

what type of cold environment are the Himalayas

Answer 24

Alpine

Question 25

describe impacts of climate change/ human activity on the Himalayas

Answer 25

pollution - black cloud arrival
more rain/ less snow = melting accelerates/ flash floods
less snow= less moisture for crops and 80% rely on agriculture for jobs
melting glaciers
95% of glaciers retreating

Question 26

management in the Himalayas

Answer 26

ice stupas - 5000 trees planted
water freezes as sprayed on trees = conserves winter meltwater in the summer

Question 27

name glacial landforms in Nant ffrancon valley

Answer 27

glacial trough, u shaped valley
ribbon lake - Lyln Ogwen
Cwm Idwal
corrie lake - LLyn Idwal
devils kitchen (back of corie)
arete - Crib Goch

Question 28

describe the landscape of Newtondale in North Yorkshire

Answer 28

narrow gorge, 80km deep, 5km long
meltwater has formed lakes
lake wheeldale overflowed to lake pickering